CS 1 - introduction Flashcards
what factors are needed for caries to develop?
- tooth
- substrate
- flora
- time
what affects the tooth susceptibility to caries
○ Age ○ Fluorides ○ Nutrition ○ Morphology ○ Trace elements ○ Carbonate level
what affects the substrates ability to act on a tooth?
○ Oral clearance ○ Oral hygiene ○ Salivary stimulants ○ Frequency of eating ○Carbohydrate (type, concentration)
what is caries risk assessment?
The risk of the patient developing new / progressive disease in the future
an assessment must take place on an individual level for each patient and not at a population level
what 2 categories can caries risk factors be divided into
general
local
what is included within general caries risk factors?
○ Social § Where they live § What means do they have § What are their thoughts about OH ○General health
what is included within local caries risk factors?
○ OH ○ Diet ○ Fluoride experience ○ Past caries Experience § Restorations present ○ Orthodontic treatment § Braces can create poor oral hygiene
what are the 7 elements of caries risk?
really common exam Q
i) Clinical evidence
ii) Dietary habits
iii) Social history
iv) Fluoride use
v) Plaque control
vi) Saliva
vii) Medical history
what does dmft / DMFT stand for
diseased missing filled teeth in primary dentition for lower case and in permanent dentition for upper case
what role does clinical evidence play?
• Caries experience
○ dmft greater than / equal to 5 (primary dentition)
DMFT greater than / equal to 5 (permanent
dentition)
○ Caries in 6’s at 6 years
○ 3 years caries increment greater than / equal to
• Orthodontics
○ Fixed appliance therapy
• Prosthetics
○Fixed or removable
what role does the diet play in caries risk?
- sugar intake
○ frequency more of a problem than amount
○ processed sugars more cariogenic than natural
sugars ie sucrose worse than glucose
○ natural sugars still cause harm
○ diet diary beneficial
how does social history affect caries risk?
- SIMD category
- Education
- Unemployment
- Work stressors
- Single parent families
- Violence
- Inequalities and access to healthcare
- Dependents
how does patient’s fluoride intake affect caries risk?
- infrequent use of fluoride toothpaste
- no water fluoridation
what does fluoride / F- do?
- Incorporation into enamel crystals to form fluorapatite which is more caries resistant (resistant to demineralisation) than HA
- Bactericidal? Resistant to streptococcal strains
- Interferes with the adhesion force of bacteria reducing their ability to stick to the surface of the teeth
what role does oral hygiene play in caries risk?
- poor brushing technique
- irregular brushing
- young / old / unable left unassisted
- access to tooth paste / toothbrush
- difficulty due to changes ie mixed dentition, orthodontics, gaps
- lack of other cleaning aids like floss