caries symposium 5 - population level Flashcards
what is epidemiology
study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations
- distribution = burden
- determinants = cause or risk factors
- population = groups of individuals geographic/area/community
what is descriptive epidemiology
- describes the problem
- trends/ prevalence
analytical epidemiology
- analyses the problem
- risk factors
- social determinants
what are the 3 factors that cause caries
- time = years, seasonal, time of day, generation
- place = regional, global, communities
- person = age, gender, medical history
how do you describe disease in a populations
- counts = number of people affected by a particular condition at particular time and area
- prevalence = proportion of population with a disease an any given point (point prevalence) or period (period prevalence)
- incidence = number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time (rate)
- standardised data = number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time
what is point prevalence
proportion (%) of population with a disease at any given point
what is period prevalence
proportion of population with a disease at any given period
what is descriptive epidemiology of the oral health
- it is estimated that 3.5 billion people worldwide have oral diseases
- caries of the permanent teeth is the most prevalent
- globally, 2.4 billion adults suffer from caries and 486 million children in primary teeth
how do you measure/record caries
- DMFT/dmft = upper case for permanent teeth, lower case of primary
- ICDAS = international caries detection and assessment system, restorative and caries status scores, looks at enamel and dentine level of decay
- significant caries index = take into account skewed distribution of caries in population
what percentage of 5 year olds in Scotland have a score of 7 dmft
10th of population
what are the caries detection stages
- extensive decay
- moderate decay
- initial decay
- very early decay
what is extensive decay
lesions into the pulp (D3)
what is moderate decay
- clinically detectable lesions in dentine
- clinically detachable cavities limited to enamel
what is initial decay
clinically detectable enamel lesions with intact surfaces
what is very early decay
- small lesions detectable only with additional diagnostic aids
- sub-clinical initial lésions in a dynamic state of progression/regression (a lot of decay is this)