Crytography historical

Question 1

In what year did the Cipher disk get invented by Leon Alberti

Answer 1

1466

Question 2

In what year did Vigenere Cipher invented by Giovan Battista Bellaso

Answer 2

1553

Question 3

In what year did Playfair Cipher invented by Charles Wheatstone

Answer 3

1854

Question 4

In what year did 1st successful attack on the Vigenere cipher published by Friedrich Kasiski

Answer 4

1863

Question 5

In what year did ADFGVX Cipher invented by Colonel Fritz Nebel

Answer 5

1918

Question 6

In what year did RSA invented by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman

Answer 6

1977

Question 7

In what war did the germans use the enigma machine

Answer 7

WWII

Question 8

In what year did X.509 first use

Answer 8

1988

Question 9

In what year did DSA filed and attributed to David Kravitz | US Patent 5,231,668

Answer 9

1991

Question 10

In what year did DSA adopted by US Government with FIPS 186

Answer 10

1993

Question 11

In what year did FISH (Fibonacci Shrinking) published by Siemens

Answer 11

1993

Question 12

In what year did TIGER designed by Ross Anderson

Answer 12

1995

Question 13

In what year did AES (Rijndael) announced as replacement for DES | FIPS 197

Answer 13

2001

Question 14

Enigma Machine invented in 1918 by Arthur Scherbius

Answer 14

1918

Question 15

Single Alphabet

Answer 15

Mono-Alphabet Substitution Ciphers

Question 16

Reverses the alphabet ( A becomes Z, B becomes Y … )

Answer 16

Atbash

Question 17

Choose some number by which to shift each letter of the message. ( right is “+” | left is
“-“ | A “+2” = C | C “-1” = B )

Answer 17

Caesar

Question 18

Rotate all characters 13 letters through the alphabet ( A becomes N, B becomes O … )

Answer 18

ROT-13

Question 19

Use of a rod of a certain length to create/encrypt a message, and same rod must be used
to read/decrypt the message by the recipient

Answer 19

Scytale

Question 20

add complexity by adding alphabets to be used for the
substitution rounds.
Example: We are using three alphabets to do the shifting, each represented by a “+” or a “-“
value. When we run out of alphabets, we start over again with the first one, effectively “roundrobining”
through the text until it is all shifted.

Answer 20

Multi-Alphabet Substitution

Question 21

a physical device used to encrypt. Invented by Leon Alberti in 1466. The cipher
disk was polyalphabetic; each time you turned the disk, you used a new cipher.

Answer 21

The cipher disk

Question 22

invented in 1553 by Giovan Battista Bellaso, but is named for Blaise de
Vigenère who developed a stronger version of the cipher. It is a method of encrypting by using a
series of interwoven Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword. It is considered a
polyalphabetic cipher system. Friedrich Kasiski published the first successful attack against the
Vigenère cipher in 1863.

Answer 22

The Vigenère cipher

Question 23

invented by Charles Wheatstone in 1854. Uses a five-by-five table
containing a keyword or key phrase. To generate the key table, one would first fill in the spaces
in the table with the letters of the keyword (dropping any duplicate letters), then fill in the
remaining spaces with the rest of the letters of the alphabet in order. The technique encrypts pairs
of letters (digraphs), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher. The Playfair is
significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers
does not work with it. A typical 5x5 key square is below: (Any sequence of 25 letters can be
used as a key, so long as all letters are in it and there are no repeats. Note that there is no ‘j’, it is
combined with ‘i’.)
k e y w o<br></br>
r d a b c<br></br>
f g h i l<br></br>
m n p q s<br></br>
t u v w x<br></br>

Answer 23

The Playfair Cipher

Question 24

The key for this
algorithm is a six-by-six square made up of the letters ADFGVX forming the outer row and
column, the rest of the table is comprised of the letters of the alphabet and the numbers 0 through
9 distributed randomly in the square.

Answer 24

The ADFGVX Cipher

Question 25

a multi-alphabet substitution cipher using machinery to accomplish the
encryption. In World War II, the Germans used this as an electromechanical rotor-based cipher
system.

Answer 25

The ENIGMA Machine

Question 26

The Affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter.

Answer 26

Affine cipher