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Mineralogy > CRYSTALLOGRAPHY > Flashcards

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Crystallography

A

branch of mineralogy that studies the long-range order or crystal structure of crystalline substances.

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2
Q

What is Crystal faces

A

Flat surfaces enclosing a crystal that are formed when enclosed minerals stop growing.

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3
Q

WHAT IS MOTIF

A

Smallest unit of pattern, that when repeated by a set of symmetry operations, will generate the long-range pattern characteristic of the crystal; Set of atoms arranged in a specific way.

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4
Q

MOTIF IS REPRESENTED BY _____

A

NODE

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5
Q

A SYMMETRY OPERATION IS

A

The repetition of these
fundamental units of pattern with long-range order.

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6
Q

TYPES OF SYMMETRY OPERATIONS

A
  1. Simple Symmetry Operations
  2. Compound Symmetry Operations
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7
Q

DEFINE TRANSLATION

A

A periodic repetition of nodes
in a systematic, linear displacement.

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8
Q

Unit Translation Vector

A

(t) – A specific length
and direction of systematic displacement by which the pattern repeats.

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9
Q

TYPES OF TRANSLATION

A

Two-Dimension 2D

Three Dimension 3D

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10
Q

Two-dimension 2D

A

A form of translation
defined by two-unit translation vectors: ta and tb, or t1 and t2.

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11
Q

Plane Lattice or?

A

Plane Mesh

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12
Q

Plane Lattice

A

is a two-dimensional array of pattern of nodes generated by the two-dimensional translation.

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13
Q

Three-dimension Translation

A

A form of translation defined by two-unit translation vectors: ta , tb and t1 , t2 and t3.

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14
Q

SPACE LATTICE

A

A three- dimensional array of pattern of nodes generated by the two- dimensional translation.

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15
Q

Rotation

A

(n) – A perfectly repetition of patterns in a complete 360°rotation around an axis of rotation.

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16
Q

Axis of Rotation

A

An imaginary line or axis where a pattern of nodes rotate around.

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17
Q

TYPES OF ROTATION

A

One Fold
Two Fold
Three Fold
Four Fold
Six fold

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18
Q

ONE FOLD AXIS ROTATION SYMBOLIC ROTATION AND DESCRIPTION

A

1 or A1

Description

Motif is Repeated only once during 360 rotation

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19
Q

TWO FOLD AXIS SYMBOLIC ROTATION AND DESCRIPTION

A

2 or A2

Repeated every 180 or Twice During a 360 rotation

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20
Q

THREE FOLD AXIS SYMBOLIC ROTATION AND DESCRIPTION

A

3 or A3

Motifs repeated every120 & three times during complete rotation

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21
Q

FOUR FOLD ACIS OF ROTATION

A

4 or A4

Motifs repeated every 90 & Four times during complete rotation

22
Q

Six fold axis of rotation Symbolic notation and description

A

6 or A6

Motifs repeated every 60 & 6 times during complete rotation

23
Q

REFLECTION

A

A form of symmetry operation in which every component of a pattern is repeated by reflection through a mirror plane.

24
Q

Mirror plane

A

An imaginary line or axis where a pattern of nodes Reflects around.

25
Q

INVERSION

A

(i)

The repetition of motifs by inverting them through a center called center of inversion.

26
Q

Center of inversion

A

A point where the
“image” of the motif is inverted through.

27
Q

TYPES OF SIMPLE SYMMETRY OPERATIONS

A

Translation
1. 2D
2. 3D

Inversion

28
Q

GLIDE REFLECTION

A

The combination of translation with reflection across a mirror plane, producing a glide plane.

29
Q

GLIDE PLANE

A

An imaginary plane where
nodes “glide” unto.

30
Q

ROTOINVERSION

A

The combination of translation with reflection across a mirror plane, producing a glide plane.

31
Q

SCREW ROTATION

A

The combination of translation parallel to an axis with rotation about the axis.

32
Q

Types if compounds symmetry operations

A

GLIDE
ROTOINVERSION
SCREW ROTATION

33
Q

PLANE POINT GROUP

A

Two-dimensional motifs that are consistent with the generation of long-range, two- dimensional arrays.

34
Q

UNIT MESH

A

The smallest units of plane lattice which contain at least one node and the unit translation vectors. It contains all the information necessary to produce the only larger two-dimensional pattern

35
Q

17 Place Lattice Groups

A

P1
P2
Pm
Pg
Cm
P2mm
P2mg
P2gg
C2mm
P4
P4mm
P4gm
P3
P3m1
P3lm
P6
P6mm

36
Q

10 plane point group

A

1
2
M
2mm
4
4mm
3
3m
6
6mm

37
Q

5 unit meshes

A

Oblique ( p)
Rectangle ( p & c )
Square ( p)
Hexagonal ( P) (rhombohedral)
Hexagonal ( p) (hexagonal)

38
Q

Plane Lattice Groups

A

A set of 17 plane lattice groups formed through the combination of the 10 plane point groups and 5 unit meshes.

39
Q

Space point group

A

Three-dimensional equivalents of two-dimensional equivalents plane point groups.

40
Q

Space lattices

A

Three-dimensional patterns of nodes.

41
Q

Crystal Classes

A

– The 32 three-dimensional motif symmetries defined by the arrangement of the space point groups.

42
Q

Crystallographic Axes

A

A set of imaginary orientations used to describe the direction of a crystal’s propagation.

43
Q

Crystal Systems

A

A classification of minerals based on the relative measurement of their unit edges (a, b, and c), and the angles between them (α, β, and γ).

44
Q

ISOMETRIC LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLE

A

a = b = c

ã = b = y = 90%

45
Q

TETRAGONAL LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a = b ≠ c

a = b = y = 90

46
Q

ORTHORHOMBIC LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a ≠ b ≠ c

a = b = y = 90%

47
Q

MONOCLINIC LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a ≠ b ≠ c

a = y = 90 b = >120

48
Q

TRICLINIC LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a ≠ b ≠ c
a ≠ b ≠ y ≠ 90%

49
Q

HEXAGONAL LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a= b = c ≠ d

a = 120; B= y = 90

50
Q

RHOMBOHEDRAL / TRIGONAL LATTICE PARAMETER AND ANGLES

A

a = b = c ≠ d

a = 120; B = y = 90%

Mineralogy (4 decks)

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