Cryptography Extra 1 - Ciphers (Atbash Etc ...)

Question 1

A becomes Z, B becomes Y, C becomes X, etc … ex : A cat sleeps = Z xzg hovvkh.

Answer 1

Atbash Cipher

Question 2

shift each letter of text any number of movements, like 4 to the left is “-4”, 3 to the right shift is “+3”. By shifting +2 of “A Cat” = C ecv, +3 = D fdw.

Answer 2

Caesar Cipher

Question 3

any single-substitution alphabet cipher which letter is mapped to some numeric value, permuted with some easy math function, and then converted back to a letter. The Caesar Cipher each letter is converted to number shifted by some amount and converted back to a letter.

Answer 3

Affine Cipher

Question 4

ax + b (mod M). M is size of alphabet, x is plain texts numeric equivalent and “b” is the shift, “a” is some multiple and in this case a=1, so formula is 1x + 3 (mod 26).

Answer 4

Formula for Affine Cipher

Question 5

all characters are rotated 13 characters through the alphabet. “A Cat” = N PNG.

Answer 5

ROT13 Cipher

Question 6

cylinder tool (rod) to encrypt messages, turning cylinder produced different cipher texts, requires both parties to have same size rod and leather key. Transposition Cipher.

Answer 6

Scytale Cipher

Question 7

physical poly-alphabetic device used to encrypt, each time disk turned new cipher was used (encrypted plaintext).

Answer 7

Cipher Disk

Question 8

poly-alphabet cipher (multi-alphabet) way of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of different Caesar Ciphers based on letters of a keyword. Kasiski 1st person to publish a successful attack on ??? ???.

Answer 8

Vigenere Cipher

Question 9

breaks messages into groups of 2 letters, ex : “Cheeseburger” = Ch ee se Bu rg er … and then map out on key table, if both letters are same add an X after first letter etc …

Answer 9

Playfair Cipher

Question 10

This was a transposition cipher which used a modified Polybius square with a single columnar transposition used to encode a 36-letter alphabet.

Answer 10

ADFGX Cipher