Cryotherapy

Question 1

Methods of energy transfer

Answer 1

Conduction
Convection
Conversion
Radiation
Evaporation

Question 2

Conduction

Answer 2

Transfer of heat by direct interaction of molecules

Question 3

Factors affecting conduction

Answer 3

Temperature gradient
Type of tissue
Length of exposure
Tissue depth

Question 4

Examples of conduction

Answer 4

Cold pack

Ice bag

Question 5

Convection

Answer 5

Energy transfer by direct contact between the skin and moving fluid particles

Question 6

Heat abstraction is faster with convection or conduction?

Answer 6

Convection

Question 7

What is convection practical for?

Answer 7

Distal extremities only

Question 8

Conversion

Answer 8

Change from one form of energy to another

Nonthermal form of energy converted into heat

Question 9

Examples of conversion

Answer 9

Ultrasound

Question 10

Radiation

Answer 10

Transfer of electromagnetic waves

Question 11

Factors that influence rate of temperature increase via radiation

Answer 11

Intensity
Size
Distance/angle

Question 12

Evaporation

Answer 12

Release of energy upon conversion from liquid to gas/vapor

Question 13

Evaporation has negligible effects on…

Answer 13

deeper tissues

Question 14

Uses of cryotherapy

Answer 14

Control inflammation, pain, and edema
Reduce spasticity
Facilitate movement

Question 15

Hemodynamic effects #1

Answer 15

Thermoreceptors are activated by cold. As cooling progresses, production and release of histamine and prostaglandin decreases, which leads to vasoconstriction

Question 16

Hemodynamic effects #2

Answer 16

When skin temperature decreases, free nerve endings in the skin are stimulated, causing a reflex excitation of sympathetic adrenergic fibers, also leading to vasoconstriction

Question 17

Hemodynamic effects #3

Answer 17

Increased viscosity decreases blood flow

Question 18

Hemodynamic effects #4

Answer 18

Body reduces blood flow to protect other areas of excessive decrease in temperature and stabilize core body temp.

Question 19

Prolonged exposure to tissue temperatures <10 deg C leads to

Answer 19

Cold induced vasodilation (increase in blood flow)

Question 20

Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a response to

Answer 20

Axon reflex due to pain of very low temps
OR
Inhibition of smooth muscles in blood vessel walls due to extreme cold

Question 21

Cause of skin redness from cold exposure

Answer 21

Increase in oxyhemoglobin concentration of blood

Question 22

Neuromuscular effects of prolonged cold exposure

Answer 22

Decreased nerve conduction velocity 
Increased pain threshold
Decreased spasticity
Facilitation of muscle contraction
Altered muscle strength

Question 23

Cold application for spasticity

Answer 23

Cold application for at least 30 minutes can help decrease spasticity for 1-1.5 hours

Question 24

Stage 1 of sensation (feeling)

Answer 24

Cold

Question 25

Stage 2 of sensation (feeling)

Answer 25

Burning

Question 26

Stage 3 of sensation (feeling)

Answer 26

Aching

Question 27

Stage 4 of sensation (feeling)

Answer 27

Numbness

Question 28

Stage 1 of sensation (time)

Answer 28

1-3 mins

Question 29

Stage 2 of sensation (time)

Answer 29

3-5 mins

Question 30

Stage 3 of sensation (time)

Answer 30

5-7 mins

Question 31

Stage 4 of sensation (time)

Answer 31

7+ mins