Cryotherapy

Question 1

cryotherapy

Answer 1

application of cold for therapeutic purposes

Question 2

indications

Answer 2

headache, migrain, sprains, strains, muscle contusions, tendinitis, other muscle pain
spasm
acute injury (decreased metabolism, edema, pain, etc)
chronic and inflammatory arthritis

Question 3

cryokinetics

Answer 3

combo of cold and exercise

Question 4

describe cold induced vasodilation

Answer 4

AKA: hunting response
increase tissue temp during cold therapy
approximately 15 minutes into treatment then alternating
not above baseline level

Question 5

goals of cryotherapy

Answer 5

relieve or decrease pain
decrease blood flow and metabolism
protect injured tissue
decrease muscle spasm

Question 6

contraindications of cryotherapy

Answer 6

impaired cold sensation
cold-induced urticaria
Raynaud's phenomenon
cryoglobulinemia
paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
open wounds 
peripheral vascular disease
confused and unreliable patients

Question 7

cold urticaria

Answer 7

allergic reaction to cold exposure
can have an anaphylactic reaction (hives, itching)
can result in systemic reaction

Question 8

raynaud’s

Answer 8

constriction of arteries and arterioles usually in a distal extremity
restricts bloof flow and results in color changes
more commmon in women

Question 9

cryoglobinemia

Answer 9

abnormal clumping of plasma proteins stimulated by cold application
rare
leads to skin discoloration and dyspnea

Question 10

what other diseases are cyoglobulinemia assocated with?

Answer 10

multiple myeloma
walden strom macroglobulinemia
chronic liver disease
infections
SLE, Sjogren syndrome

Question 11

cold induced hemoglobinuria

Answer 11

AKA paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
rare
cold activates antibody to RBCs causing lysis
excess hemoglobin is release in urine
darkened urine
acute-mostly in young children
chronic- elderly

Question 12

stages of cold sensation

Answer 12

cold, burning, aching pain, numbness
intense cold, aching pain, pins and needles, numbness
intense cold, aching pain, warmth, numbness

Question 13

cryotherapy techniques

Answer 13

ice pack
cold whirlpool
ice bath
ice massage
controlled continuous cold unit with compression
vapocoolant spray

Question 14

what should you always do with cryotherapy

Answer 14

always test to see if they can handle cold

Question 15

what kind of cryotherapy is better than others?

Answer 15

crushed ice
cubes with water
compression increases cooling

Question 16

gel packs

Answer 16

not as effective
single layer of wet towel to improve conduction and prevent frostbite
don’t use comrpession
10-20 minutes

Question 17

chemical cold back

Answer 17

do not freeze and re-use

Question 18

contraindications for vapocoolant sprays

Answer 18

allergy
open wounds
post surgical
eyes
all other cold contraindications plus any contraindications to passive stretch

Question 19

how do you cool, then rewarm the skin?

Answer 19

rapidly cool at first
slower cooling rate
re-warming
initial rapid rise in temperature, then slower
can remain cooler temperatures for over 1 hour following 30 minutes of treatment
faster re-warming with physical activity

Question 20

what are physiological responses for cryotherapy for pain

Answer 20

decreased nerve conduction velocity

bombardment the CNS with cold signals

Question 21

what are the physiological responses for muscle spasm?

Answer 21

affects muscle spindle and golgi tendon organs
decreased efferent signal noted
decreased pain interrupts pain/spasm cycle

Question 22

physiological responses for edema

Answer 22

first reaction to cold is vasoconstriction of smooth muscle

therefore decresed blood flow and decreased edema

Question 23

physiological responses on metabolic rate

Answer 23

cold decreases metabolism
leads to decreased blood demand
longer survival of hypoxic tissue
less secondary injury

Question 24

physiologic responses on performance

Answer 24

verteical jumping decreased
strength of contraction is decreased in some studies and unchanged in others
proprioception, balance and agility-evidence is mixed