Crusades Flashcards
1
Q
Crusades Definition
A
A crusade is a holy war authorized by the pope, who proclaimed it in the name of God or Christ. It answered the needs of the whole church or all Christendom, rather than those of a particular nation.
2
Q
The First Crusade
A
- Who:* Urban III and Alexis II
- Why:* To secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups (the muslims, holy land)
- Goal:* first Turkey then today’s Israel
- Characteristics:* Bloody
3
Q
The Second Crusade
A
- 1147-1150
- announced by Pope Eugene III
- lead by European kings: Louis VII (france), Conrad III (holy roman empire)
- Response to the fall of the Country of Edessa
- recaptured Edessa from Muslim control
- they failed!!
4
Q
The Third Crusade
A
-> the king’s crusade!
1189-1192
- Richard the Lionheart (King of England)
- Philipp II (king of France)
- Frederic Barbarossa HRE
Saladin Sultan had taken Acre and Jerusalem
Goal: taking hte holy land from Saladin
it didn’t work
5
Q
The Forth Crusade
A
Pope Innocent III (Venice)
Reconquering Muslim-controlled Jersualem by means of an invasion through Egypt
- start with striking Egypt (base of muslim power)
never reached their goal
6
Q
The Fifth Crusade
A
1217-1229
- Pope innocent III started it but then died
- continued by Honorius III
Many kings joined
Goal? To free Jerusalem and to secure Christain dignity -> the last crusade was unsuccesful!
They fail in Egypt
7
Q
The Sixth Crusade
A
1228 - 1229
- Frederick II (HRE)
- become independent of the Pope
- no support of the church
