Crusades Flashcards
What is Jerusalem known as for Christians?
Where Jesus was crucified and resurrected
What do Jews refer to Jerusalem as?
Zion, God’s own city, site of Solomon’s temple
What significance does Jerusalem hold for Muslims?
3rd holiest city, where Muhammad ascended to heaven
What did Pope Urban call for regarding the Crusades?
Expel that wicked race from our Christian lands. Christ commands.
What does the term ‘Crusade’ derive from?
Latin ‘crux’ meaning cross
What does it mean for Crusaders to ‘take up the cross’?
To recover Holy Land from Muslim control
How many military expeditions were part of the Crusades?
Nine
Why did knights go on a Crusade?
- Use fighting skills
- Adventure
- Possible wealth or instant salvation if killed
What motivated peasants to join the Crusades?
Freedom from feudal bonds
What were the Pope’s motivations for wanting a Crusade?
- Increase power in Europe
- Heal split between Roman Catholic and Byzantine/Greek Orthodox Church
- Land in the Middle East for Europe’s growing population
When did the First Crusade take place?
1096 – 1099
What happened to Jews and Muslims during the First Crusade?
Killed on the way to capturing Jerusalem
What was created by some crusaders after the First Crusade?
Palestine
When did the Second Crusade occur?
1147 – 1149
What happened during the Second Crusade?
Crusaders failed to recover lands taken by Seljuk Turks
Who led the Third Crusade?
Richard the Lionheart of England
What significant event occurred in 1187 regarding Jerusalem?
Saladin united Muslims and took Jerusalem
What was the outcome of Saladin’s truce?
He keeps the city and allows pilgrims access
What was unusual about the Fourth Crusade?
Crusaders attacked the Christian city of Constantinople instead of going to Jerusalem
What was one effect of the Crusades on feudalism?
Feudalism broke down, kings gained authority over Pope & nobles
What was a consequence of the Crusades for Muslims, Christians, and Jews?
Bitterness among the groups
What happened to the Byzantine Empire as a result of the Crusades?
Weakened
What did the interactions during the Crusades lead to?
Establishment of trade networks
What was the goal of the Reconquista?
To create a Christian Spain
Who were the key figures in the Reconquista?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
What was the purpose of the Inquisition?
To try people accused of heresy
Who did Isabella target during the Inquisition?
Jews and Muslims in Spain
What was the fate of those who refused to convert to Christianity during the Inquisition?
Tortured or burned at the stake
What was one effect of the Inquisition on Spain’s population?
More than 150,000 people fled Spain in fear
What was the result of achieving religious unity in Spain?
Achieved at a huge price
How did Spain’s economy suffer due to the Inquisition?
Loss of skilled and educated people
