crude oil, cracking & combustion Flashcards
what is the name of the process that separates crude oil
fractional distillation
describe the process of fractional distillation
-oil is heated and the gases formed enter the fractionating column
-in the temperature gradient, when the substances reach where the temperature is lower than their boiling point they condense
-the bubble caps stop the liquids from remixing
what is the order of which the substances condense out of the fractionating column
-bitumen
-fuel oil
-diesel
-kerosene
-gasoline (petrol)
-refinery gases
what is cracking
when long chain hydrocarbons are split up
what are the properties of long hydrocarbons
-viscous
-high boiling points
what are the properties of short hydrocarbons
-low boiling points
-thin
-pale in colour
what are the conditions needed for cracking
-around 600 degrees
-silica/alumina ( a catalyst)
what happens during cracking
the alkane is broken down into short-chain alkanes and alkenes when it comes into contact with the catalyst
when you burn a fuel, it releases energy in the form of what
heat
what is burning also known as
combustion
what is a property of a combustion reaction
is it exothermic
what is the formula for complete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water
what does incomplete combustion produce
toxic carbon monoxide and soot
why does incomplete combustion sometimes happen
when there is not enough oxygen for complete combustion
why is carbon monoxide bad for the body
can stop your blood from carrying oxygen around the body which can lead to fainting, a coma or even death
