Crude Oil & Alkanes & Alkenes

Question 1

Length of molecules in fractional distillation tower

Answer 1

3
8
10
15
20
35
40

Question 2

Crude oil is

Answer 2

AlkANES

Question 3

Name the first four Alkanes

Answer 3

MethAne
EthAne
PropAne
ButAne

Question 4

Basic formula for ALKANES

Answer 4

CnH2n+2

Question 5

The — the molecules the — runny the hydrocarbon is (less —)

Answer 5

Shorter
More
Viscous

Question 6

The — the molecules the — volatile they are. Turn into a — at room temp

Answer 6

Shorter
More
Gas

Question 7

The shorter the molecule. The — the temperature at which the fraction — or — lower —

Answer 7

Lower
Vaporises
Condenses
Boiling point

Question 8

The — the more — the hydrogen is.

Answer 8

Shorter

Flammable

Question 9

How is crude oil formed

Answer 9

Buried remains of plants and animals - fossil fuel

Over millions of years it turns to crude oil

Question 10

What does cracking crude oil mean

Answer 10

Splitting up long - chain hydrocarbons by passing vapour a hot catalyst

Question 11

What is cracking

Answer 11

Longer molecules produced from fractional distillation are turned into smaller ones by a process called cracking

Question 12

What are the products of cracking used for

Answer 12

• Petrol
• Cars
• Paraffin

Question 13

What type of process is cracking

Answer 13

At thermal decomposition reaction-breaking molecules down by heating them

Question 14

What type of molecule is a long chain

Answer 14

Hydrocarbon molecule

Question 15

What type of molecule is a shorter chain

Answer 15

Alkane molecule

Question 16

Which molecule has a double bond

Answer 16

Alkenes

Question 17

If they are unsaturated it means what

Answer 17

They can make MORE bonds

Question 18

How can you test for an Alkene

Answer 18

By adding the substance to bromine water
The Alkene will discolourise
Orange -> colourless

Question 19

Gases released by burning fossil fuels

Answer 19

• Crude oil -> co2 and water vapour
• Sulphur dioxide
• Carbon monoxide

Question 20

Sulphur dioxide causes

Answer 20

Acid rain

Question 21

How does sulphur dioxide cause acid rain

Answer 21

• Sulfur dioxide mixes with clouds
• Forms dilute sulfuric acid
• This falls as acid rain

Question 22

Problems caused by acid rain

Answer 22

• Lakes become acidic -> plants and animals die

- Kills trees and damages limestone buildings

Question 23

How can you reduce acid rain

Answer 23

• Reducing Sulfur emissions

- Resuse usage of fossil fuels

Question 24

Environmental problems from burning fuels

Answer 24

• Climate change
• Global dimming
• Acid rain

Question 25

Alternative fuels

Answer 25

• Ethanol to power cars
• Biodiesel to run a Diesel engine
• Hydrogen gas to power vehicles

Question 26

Ethanol pros

Answer 26

• co2 was taken in by the plant when it grew

- Carbon neutral

Question 27

Ethanol cons

Answer 27

• Isn’t widely available

- Worries that farmers will grow ethanol crops

Question 28

Biodiesel pros

Answer 28

• Carbon neutral
• Engines don’t need to be converted
• Produces less Sulfur dioxide

Question 29

Biodiesel cons

Answer 29

• Can’t make enough to replace diesel

- Could increase food prices

Question 30

Hydrogen gas pros

Answer 30

• Combines with oxygen to from water (clean)

Question 31

Hydrogen gas cons

Answer 31

• Need an expensive/ special engine (isn’t widely available)
• Still need energy from another source
• Hydrogen is hard to store

Question 32

Alkanes have a…

Answer 32

C=C double bond

Question 33

AlKENEs formula

Answer 33

C n H 2n