crude oil Flashcards

1
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Over millions of years with high temperature and pressure the buried remains of plants and animals are turned into crude oil.

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2
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A fossil fuel

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3
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of?

A

Hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A molecule that is made up of chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

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5
Q

What is the structural difference between different fuels?

A

Different fuels have different hydrocarbon chain lengths

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6
Q

As a hydrocarbon chain gets longer its ________ change.

A

properties

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7
Q

Describe the properties of short chain hydrocarbons

A

They have low boiling points

They are often gases.

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8
Q

Describe the properties of long chain hydrocarbons?

A

They have high boiling points.

They are quite viscous.

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9
Q

What does viscous mean?

A

How thick and sticky a liquid is.

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10
Q

What are the two important types of bonding in crude oil?

A

The strong covalent bond between the carbon and hydrogen atoms within each hydrocarbon molecule.

The intermolecular forces of attraction between different hydrocarbon molecules in the mixture.

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11
Q

What happens to crude oil molecules when they are heated?

A

They gain energy and move around more.

They may gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and turn into a gas.

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12
Q

How are covalent bonds different to intermolecular forces?

A

Covalent bonds are much stronger.

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13
Q

Why do long hydrocarbon molecules have a higher boiling point than short hydrocarbon molecules?

A

Because they have stronger intermolecular forces between them.

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14
Q

How can we make crude oil useful?

A

By separating it into more useful products.

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15
Q

The process of separating crude oil is called…

A

Refining

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16
Q

By what process do we refine crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation.

17
Q

Fractional distillation separates hydrocarbons into what order?

A

Different boiling points.

18
Q

Each group that crude oil is separated into is called a…

A

Fraction

19
Q

How are hydrocarbons in the same fraction similar?

A

They have similar boiling points.

20
Q

If 2 hydrocarbons have a similar length then they will have a similar…

A

boiling point.

21
Q

Very long hydrocarbon fuels are normally

A

solids

22
Q

Medium sized hydrocarbon fuels are usually

A

liquids

23
Q

short hydrocarbon molecules are usually

A

gases

24
Q

Name the order of fuels in fractional distillation (short chains to long chain fuels)

A
Refinery gas
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosene (jet fuel)
Diesel
Lubricating oil
Bitumen