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Chemistry Y9 > Crude Oil > Flashcards

Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

To separate crude oil out into fractions- groups of molecules with similar sizes and therefore similar properties

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3
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A
  1. Crude oil is heated, nearly all of the hydrocarbons turn into gases
  2. The crude oil vapour then passes into the fractionating column
  3. The temperature in the column decrease as you go up
  4. The gases rise up the column, different components condense at different heights due to different boiling points
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4
Q

Describe smaller hydrocarbons

A

Have lower boiling point, so they make it all the way up the column with out condensing

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5
Q

Describe large hydrocarbons

A

Collected at the bottom of the column because they have high boiling point and so condensed lower down the column

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6
Q

What is the order of the fractions ?

A

Refinery gases
Gasoline (petrol)
Kerosine
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen

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7
Q

What is the use of refinery gases?

A

Domestic heating and cooking

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8
Q

Use of gasoline (petrol)?

A

Fuel in cars

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9
Q

Use of kerosine?

A

Fuel in planes

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10
Q

Use of diesel oil?

A

Fuel for lorrie’s, buses, trains

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11
Q

Use of bitumen ?

A

Road surfaces

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12
Q

Which fraction would be the most flammable ?

A

Refinery gases

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13
Q

What fraction would be the least volatile?

A

Bitumen

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14
Q

Which fraction would be the darkest colour ?

A

Bitumen

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15
Q

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases, colour…?

A

Gets darker

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16
Q

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases viscosity..?

A

Increases
High viscosity= thick+sticky

17
Q

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases boiling point…?

A

Increases

18
Q

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases volatility..?

A

Decreases
How easily a liquid evaporates

19
Q

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases flammability..?

A

Decreases

20
Q

What is fuel?

A

Substance that, when burned , releases heat energy

21
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

CO2+ H2O
Carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

H2O+CO or C
Water+ carbon monoxide or carbon

23
Q

Why is incomplete combustion harmful to humans?

A

Carbon monoxide
It bonds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells and prevents oxygen from being transported around the body

24
Q

Under what conditions does incomplete combustion occur?

A

Happens when the supply of air or oxygen is poor

25
Q

How is sulfur dioxide made?

A

Sulfur is a common impurity found in fossil fuels
When we burn the fuel, the sulfur is also burnt-it reacts with oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide

S+O2=SO2

26
Q

How is sulfuric acid made?

A

Sulfur dioxide goes up into the atmosphere and reacts with oxygen and water to form sulfur if acid

SO2+2O2+2H2O=2H2SO4

27
Q

How is nitrogen oxides formed?

A

The high temperature inside a car engine causes nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react together to form nitrogen oxides

28
Q

How is nitric acid formed?

A

The nitrogen oxides go up into the atmosphere and react with oxygen and water to form nitric acid
HNO3

29
Q

What is acid rain caused by?

A

Sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides that can be produced when a fossil fuel is burnt
When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air

30
Q

What is cracking?

A

Process used to break long-chain alkanes down into shorter-chain alkanes and alkenes

31
Q

Important stuff about cracking ?

A

Fractional distillation produces more long-chain hydrocarbons than can be used
Cracking turns there into short alkanes which are more useful-petrol, fuel
Cracking also produces alkenes, which are used to make polymers

32
Q

What are the conditions for cracking ?

A

-catalyst: silicon dioxide (silica) and aluminium oxide (alumina)
-temperature 600-700°C

33
Q

What is hydrocarbons?

A

Compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

Chemistry Y9 (10 decks)

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