Crude Oil Flashcards
Describe the composition of crude oil
Mainly composed of 2 elements H and C
why fractional distallation is used to separate crude oil into fractions
Liquids have different boiling points
Hydrocarbon
A compound of hydrogen and carbon
Classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons
General formula of alkane
CnH2n+2
Alkane
A series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds
Beryllium electrons protons neutrons mass number atomic number
Protons - 4
Neutrons - 5
Electrons - 4
Atomic mass - 9
Atomic number - 4
Complete combustion of petrol
Fuel
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
How does potassium react with water
Moves around very quickly on the surface of the water
Creates sparks and lilac flames
Plum pudding look like
A sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered around the atom
What does nuclear model atom look like
A positively charged core called a nucleus
Electrons circulate at some distance
How to disprove plum pudding
Each atom has a dense nucleus with a positive charge
Size of nucleus
-15
10m
-6 10nm
How to calculate nucleus of atom size
A = Z + N
Z = protons
N = neutrons
Protons + nuetrons
Solvent
Substance with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution
Detergent
A mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions
Feedstock
A raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction
Fractional distillation step by step
Mixture is heated
Vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top
Vapours condense when they reach a part of the column where the temperature is below their boiling point
Each liquid is led away from the column
When was proton, electron, neutron discovered
Proton - 1909 - Rutherford
Neutron - 1932 - Chadwick
Electron - 1897 - Thomson
Cracking
When large and complex hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and lighter components
Why does reactivity increase in group 1 as you go down
The atoms get larger
Outer electron gets further
Why does reactivity decrease in group 7 as you go down
The atomic mass of the halogens increases
Different fractions of crude oil
Refinery gas
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel
Bitumen
Fractional distallation
process of separating crude oil into different fractions based on their boiling points
