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Science > Crude Oil > Flashcards

Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the composition of crude oil

A

Mainly composed of 2 elements H and C

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2
Q

why fractional distallation is used to separate crude oil into fractions

A

Liquids have different boiling points

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3
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound of hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

Classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane

A

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons

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5
Q

General formula of alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

Alkane

A

A series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds

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7
Q

Beryllium electrons protons neutrons mass number atomic number

A

Protons - 4

Neutrons - 5

Electrons - 4

Atomic mass - 9

Atomic number - 4

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8
Q

Complete combustion of petrol

A

Fuel

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Water

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9
Q

How does potassium react with water

A

Moves around very quickly on the surface of the water

Creates sparks and lilac flames

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10
Q

Plum pudding look like

A

A sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered around the atom

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11
Q

What does nuclear model atom look like

A

A positively charged core called a nucleus

Electrons circulate at some distance

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12
Q

How to disprove plum pudding

A

Each atom has a dense nucleus with a positive charge

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13
Q

Size of nucleus

A

-15
10m

  -6 10nm
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14
Q

How to calculate nucleus of atom size

A

A = Z + N

Z = protons

N = neutrons

Protons + nuetrons

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15
Q

Solvent

A

Substance with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution

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16
Q

Detergent

A

A mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions

17
Q

Feedstock

A

A raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction

18
Q

Fractional distillation step by step

A

Mixture is heated

Vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top

Vapours condense when they reach a part of the column where the temperature is below their boiling point

Each liquid is led away from the column

19
Q

When was proton, electron, neutron discovered

A

Proton - 1909 - Rutherford

Neutron - 1932 - Chadwick

Electron - 1897 - Thomson

20
Q

Cracking

A

When large and complex hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and lighter components

21
Q

Why does reactivity increase in group 1 as you go down

A

The atoms get larger

Outer electron gets further

22
Q

Why does reactivity decrease in group 7 as you go down

A

The atomic mass of the halogens increases

23
Q

Different fractions of crude oil

A

Refinery gas

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel

Bitumen

24
Q

Fractional distallation

A

process of separating crude oil into different fractions based on their boiling points

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