Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do molecules in liquid tend to spread out

A

Molecules in liquids and gases constantly moving and bumping into each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Net movement

A

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is there net movement

A

Due to random movement of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diffusion and osmosis is passive process

Passive process -

A

Process where no energy is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Concentration gradient

A

A difference in concentration between 2 areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is diffusion important

A

So particles can spread out from one side of a room to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors affecting diffusion

A

Concentration gradient

Temperature

Large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors make diffusion faster

A

Large concentration gradient

Higher temperature

Large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when surface area to volume ratio falls

A

a cell will either divide or die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is it important for multicellular organisms to have exchange surfaces and transport systems

A

So substances can pass in and out of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are exchange surfaces adapted for sufficent molecules to be transported in and out of cells

A

Large surface area

Provides more space for diffusion of gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when there is a small difference in concentration between 2 areas

A

The net movement by diffusion will be slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to work out net movement

A

Particles moving in - particles moving out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens the bigger difference in concentration

A

Steeper concentration gradient

Faster rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does large surface area compared to volume of cell do

A

Allows transport of molecules in and out of the cell to meet needs of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is surface area to volume ratio important in biology

A

Makes a big difference to the way animals exchange substances with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does water move in osmosis

A

Water always moves to areas of lower water concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the cell wall do while Osmosis is taking place

A

Stops the cell from bursting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Turgid cell

A

Cells in a dilute solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flaccid cell

A

Cells in concentrated solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to cells in the same solution

A

Stay the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plasmolysed cell

A

A cell when cytoplasm is pulled away from the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which cell has the membrane and which cell has the cell wall
Plant cell - cell wall Animal call - membrane
26
Lysis
When water moves into an animal cell the cell membrane stretches and the cell gets bigger
27
What happens when animal cells are put in concentrated solutions
They lose water by osmosis until they become shrunken
28
Where does Osmosis travel
Through a partially permeable membrane
29
Isotonic solution
Any external solution with the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids
30
Hypotonic solution
Solution with a lower solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration
31
Hypertonic
Any solution with a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids
32
Problems with osmosis
People could die from having too much water enter or leave their cells
33
Active transport
The particles move up the concentration gradient if energy is used
34
Cell division
Series of stages body cells divide in
35
DNA
Molecule that carries genetic information for development of organism
36
Gene
A section of DNA which controls a characteristic or part of a characteristic in your body
37
Chromosome
Threadlike structure of nucleic acids found in nucleus of most living cells
38
Nucleus
Contains genetic meterial in the form of chromosomes
39
Where does energy for active transport to move things against a concentration gradient come from
Respiration in the cell
40
Active transport, osmosis, diffusion Which require a membrane
Active transport and osmosis - yes Diffusion - no
41
2 examples where osmosis used in living things
Plants and water
42
Actual size =
Image size ______________ Magnification
43
Magnification =
Image ___________ Actual size
44
Image size =
Actual size x magnification
45
How to work out magnification I = 2mm A = 0.5hm M = ?
2000 ______ 0.5
46
mm into hm
x1000
47
Which process mineral ions enter root hair cells
Active transport
48
Ribosome
To make proteins
49
A plant wall is made of....
Cellulose
50
What helps absorption of glucose in small intestine
Villi give small intestine large surface area and surrounded by blood capillaries
51
Human egg + human sperm =
Fertilised egg
52
What do chromosomes carry
A large number of genes
53
Mitosis
The stage of a cell when the cell divides
54
2 main stages of cell cycle
Growth and DNA replication Mitosis
55
Differentiate
The cells are not all the same so they divide and grow
56
Growth
Process of cell division followed by cells becoming specialised
57
Cloning
Process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism
58
True or false Cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
True
59
Why is it difficult to clone animals
Most animal cells differentiate permanently early in embryo development
60
Meristems
Specific parts where plants grow
61
Examples of differentiated cells
Red blood cells Skin cells
62
Stem cells
Unspecialised cells that can develop into many other types of cells
63
What types of cells can stem cells differentiate into
Muscle cell Blood cell Immune cell Sex cell
64
Where are stem cells found in
Bone marrow Embryo Shoot/root tips
65
Zygote
A sperm and egg fuse into
66
What does zygote do
It divides forming a hollow ball of cells
67
What are adult stem cells needed for
To replace cells that are damaged or worn out
68
Inner cells of zygote
Embryonic stem cells
69
What are stem cells from meristems used for
Can be used to make clones of the mature parent plant quickly
70
Therapuetic cloning
Using stem cells from an adult to produce a cloned early emrbyo
71
Mitochondria
Membrane-bound cell organelles
72
Chloroplast
Site of photosythesis
73
Line of best fit on line graph
A straight line drawn on a graph that best represents the data on a plot Not connecting the dots
74
Does potato contain starch, lipids, sugar, protein
Potato contains starch

Science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions