Crude oil Flashcards
What does “crude” mean?
Impure.
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a molecule made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
why is crude oil useless when taken from the ground?
It needs to be separated into fractions to be useful
What is is a fraction? Name 3 thing that are similar in each fraction
A mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar
- number of hydrogen and carbon molecules
- Boiling points (and ease of ignition)
- Viscosity
name the fractions
- Refinery gasses
- gasoline
- kerosine
- diesel
- fuel oil
- bitumen
Describe the process of fractional distillation of crude oil
Create oil is heated until it evaporates, The gas passes into the fractionating column at the bottom which is hottest and gets cooler as you get further to the top
The temperature in the bottom isn’t hot enough to buy the largest hydrocarbons and they remain as a liquid
fractions with intermediate boiling boiling points travel up the column until they reach the point which is cool enough for them to condense
The molecules with the lowest boiling point travel all the way up to the top as gases before condensing
What are some traits of fractions coming from the top of the fractionating column after fractionating crude oil?
- lower boiling point
- lighter colour
- thinner viscosity
What is the traits of fractions coming from the bottom of the fractionating column after being fractionated from crude oil?
- higher boiling point
- darker colour
- thicker viscosity 
When these fractions is used as fuels, what energy will they release?
Heat energy
What is the word equation for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon+ oxygen —>carbon dioxide +water
what is incomplete combustion?
Combustion with an insufficient supply of oxygen
what are the two possible word equations of incomplete combustion with two products?
Hydrocarbon+ Oxygen—> carbon monoxide +water
Hydrocarbon+ Oxygen—> carbon +water
Name the word equation for incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with three products
Hydrocarbon+ Oxygen—> carbon monoxide +carbon +water
true or false, nitrogen is an inert gas.
true
what does inert mean?
unreactive
where is one place nitrogen and oxygen can react and why?
In car engines because they reach high temperatures allowing them to react
name the two word equations for the reaction between oxygen and nitrogen
nitrogen + oxygen—> nitrogen monoxide
nitrogen + oxygen—> nitrogen dioxide
what type of combustion does carbon dioxide come from?
complete combustion
what is the danger of carbon dioxide
it causes the greenhouse effect which leads to global warming. It is also a air pollutant
What type of combustion does carbon monoxide come from?
incomplete combustion
what is the danger of carbon monoxide?
It is poisonous as it reduces the capacity of oxygen in the blood
what type of combustion does sulfur dioxide come from?
combustion of crude oil with impurities
why is sulfur dioxide dangerous?
It leads to acid rain which kills trees and aquatic animals, it also dissolves limestone and metal buildings.
what is the danger of nitrogen oxide?
It leads to acid rain which kills trees and aquatic animals, it also dissolves limestone and metal buildings.
What is a homologous series? ( 4 points)
A family of molecules which have the same general formulae, similar chemical properties, trends in physical properties and all have the same functional group
What is isomerism?
Molecules with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae
what is a functional group?
a group of atoms which determines their properties
