Crowded Coasts : Coping with Pressure Flashcards
What was going to happen at Dibden Bay
The Association of British ports wanted to build a new containerport here
What would the economic benefits of the development of the container port a Dibden bay be ?
Dibden bay is key to the solent economy and supports 77,000 jobs and the devolpment would bring more
Would help Britain keep up with the transatlantic traffic as the Southampton port can’t sustain traffic
How does urbanisation impact coral reef
Urbanisation leads to increase in deforestation this means an increase in sediment run off
there can also be an increase in sewage output which increases the nutrient content of coastal waters encouraging the growth of plankton which encourages starfish to feed on the coral
What would the environmental costs of the development of the container port at Dibden bay be ?
Dibden Bay is a site of special scientific interest because of its salt ecosystem. It supports over 50,000 waterbirds each winter and migrating birds each the spring these birds may have to travel elsewhere
Traffic would increase on the A236 causing congestion noise and air pollution
Due to the increased traffic report with negative impact new Forest National Park.
Increased fuel spill by ships want to risk the water quality
Who were the stakeholders in the Dibden Bay Case study?
Associated British Ports-Yes
Local Resident- No
Southampton City council-No
Council for national parks -no
English nature and RSPB- no
Why were the Associated Brotish ports for the development of the port at Dibden Bay, Solent
The new development will help us deal with the transatlantic traffic it will also create more jobs and money for the economy due to trade
Why were the Southamton City council against the development of the port at Dibden Bay, Solent
It wouldn’t be asked that it be that easy it would have a negative impact on residents as it will cause air & noise pollution from transportation of goods
Why were the council of National parks against the development of the port at Dibden Bay, Solent
It would lead to an increase in CO2 emissions
and 5000 new vehicle movements and therefore noise pollution
they are worried about oil spills that would damage internationally important wildlife sites
Why were the English nature and RSPB against the development of the port at Dibden Bay, Solent
The possible oil spills would damage area that is internationally important for breeding five bird species
Why were local residents against the development of the port at Dibden Bay, Solent
The lorries would lead to noise pollution and there would potentially be more crime in the area due to more people
Give an example of a coast that is vulnerable to coastal erosion and and state how much it erodes each year
The holderness Coast which is to the North east of England and runs between the Humber Estuary has an
Annual rate of 2m
Why is the erosion rate so high at holderness
The cliffs are made out of the soft glacial till which erode more quickly than hard rock
There is no evidence of coastal management
Definition of Hard engineering coastal management
A method that involves building structure that is supposed to overcome natural processes such as wave and tidal energy.
These strategies are usually expensive and permanent
Definition of soft engineering coastal management
Strategies that are supposed to work with rather than against natural systems to protect the coast, however isn’t usually permanent or expensive
Give three examples of hard engineering
Revetements
Sea walls
Rip rap
Gaboon
Give three examples of soft engineering
Beach nourishment
Beach replenishments and nourishment
Salt marshes
Sand dunes
What does a breakwater do )(Hard)
Purse away and reduce the power of the waves before they reach the shore
What is an advantage of a breakwater (Hard)
They can be built from waste materials so they are sustainable
What is a disadvantage of a breakwater (Hard)
It can cause erosion to move further along the coast negatively affects the environment
What are gabions ?
Small rocks held in metal cages and are relatively cheap
What are the disadvantages of gabions?
They are only effective on a small scale the metal cages may allow material to spill through
What are groynes?
Wooden barriers that trap beach material that is moved by Longshore drift
What are disadvantages of groynes?
They will decrease the amount of sediment that is built up on beaches in other parts of the beach so there will be less land
What is a reverment?
A sloping ramp that takes the full force of the waves energy they are made of rocks concrete or timber
What are the advantages of revetments?
They are cheap to build and that have hardly any risk of undercutting cliffs
What are the disadvantages of revetments?
They cope badly with storms and may cause damage to ecosystems on the coast
What is a sea wall?
Massive walls made of concrete used to reflect wave energy it stops erosion and flooding they are very effective
What are the disadvantages of sea walls?
Foundations of buildings and still be eroded when there is strong Longshore drift is expensive to build and maintain
What is beach nourishment? (Soft)
Sand that is pumped to replace an erodes beach it is natural looking
What is a disadvantage of beach nourishment ?
It’s expensive and must be maintained as it doesn’t stop erosion instead it just puts it off for a while
Negative ecological impacts
What is holding the line ( in terms of coastal management )
Where existing coastal defences are maintained what is no new defences are set up
What is advancing the line?
When new defences are built further out in the sea to reduce the stress on current defences
What is ‘Do nothing’
When natural is able to take its course as no sea defence is put in place
What is a stakeholder?
An individual group or organization that has an interest in the development of a particular project as they may have a financial or emotional connection (eg living in the area)
What is coastalisation
The movement of people to coastal areas?
What is the proof of coastalisation
Around 44% of the worlds population live within 60 km of the coast
