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A Level Geography > Crowded Coasts: Competition for Coasts Unit 2 > Flashcards

Crowded Coasts: Competition for Coasts Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the four physical factors that influence the coast?

A

Marine factors

terrestrial factors atmospheric factors human factors

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2
Q

What is a marine factor?

A

Factors that relate to the movement of waves

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3
Q

Name 5 marine factors

A

Types of tides: Constructive and destructive

Erosion (corrosion,hydraulic action ,attrition,abrasion) CHAA

Biotic feature : coral reef, sharks, kelp, crabs

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4
Q

What is a terrestrial factor ?

A

Ones that involve land forms

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5
Q

Give 4 examples of terrestrial factors

A

Weathering, deposition lithology (characteristic of the rock)
Longshore drift

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5
Q

What is an atmospheric factor?

A

Atmosphere relating factors that impact the coast

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6
Q

Name four atmospheric factors

A

Solar energy
Climate
Carbon emissions
The earths orbit

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7
Q

What is a human factor

A

Things that are man-made that influence the coast

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8
Q

Give five examples of human factors

A 
Pollution 
tourism 
sea defence 
conservation 
buildings
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9
Q

What is an ecosystem ?

A

An ecosystem is a community of living and non living organisms (like water and soil) that effect each other (Perhaps though the foodchain)

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10
Q

What is a High value ecosystem ?

A 
It must have some of the following : 
Scenic beauty 
Very biodiverse
Sought after Place of tourism
Endemic species (species unique to the location)
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11
Q

Name 4 high value ecosystems

A

Coral reef
Mangroves
Sand dunes
Salt Marshes

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12
Q

What is research ?

A

Secondary Data collected from somewhere else

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13
Q

What is fieldwork

A

Primary work that you collected yourself

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14
Q

Give five examples of primary

A 
Interviews 
Questionnaires 
Litter Surveys 
SWOT (Strengths weaknesses Oppurtunities& threats)
Mapping of Land Use 
Taking photographs
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15
Q

Give five examples of secondary research

A 
GIS (like Google maps) 
Old photographs 
News articles 
Journals 
Old house prices to see impact of tourism on zoopla.com
Government statistics
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16
Q

What are mudflats ?

A

It is a very saturated area of land that forms when mud is deposited by tides or rivers

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17
Q

How do mudflats influence the coast? ( value, geology,materials, ecosystems

A

Provide a rich habitat for shellfish such as cockles➡️ presence of these organisms makes soil fertile so farmers have good harvest

Other organisms such as eel grass

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18
Q

Name a mudflat in the UK

A

Morecombe Bay, NE England

The Wash, East Anglia East Coast of England

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19
Q

What are mangroves?

A

Trees and shrubs with dense root systemsthat are salt tolerant and grow in swampy waters

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20
Q

Give examples of some mangroves

A

The Sunderbans, Bangladesh and Eastern India

21
Q

How do mangroves influence the coast?

A

They transfer organic matter from the land to marine Eco systems

They are nurseries for fish

The dense root systems are home for fish crabs and shrimps

They are nesting sites for hundreds of bird species as well as reptile amphibian and mammal species

Provide a flood barrier-they trap silt which helps create new land thus combatting erosion, In the 2004 Asian tsunami 2 people died in one village in Sri Lanka that was protected by dense mangroves vs 6000 people dying in an area without similar vegetation.

22
Q

What are coral reef?

A

A biodiverse ecosystem

23
Q

Give some examples of coral

A

The Great Barrier Reef

Florida Reef

24
Q

How do coral reef influence the coast

A

Provide habitat for: algae, sea slugs, oysters , clams crabs shrimp - they are. Home to over 25% of marine fish species

25
Q

What is coastalisation

A

When people move to live in coastal areas

26
Q

What attracts people to the coast?

A

Farmers may move to the coast as rain for is higher at the coast (especially in Australia to escape the low rainfall in the middle region of the country)

businesses locate to the coast so they have fewer transportation costs as ports are near the coast

house prices are cheaper

Retired people may be attracted to the coast as a result of the warmer weather and lovely scenery

Places with lovely scenery eg Pembrokeshire coast , has a national park
Jurassic coast is a world heritage site so it has scientific value

27
Q

What attracts people to the coast in Florida?

A

75% of people that live in Florida live along the coast

When the Florida Everglades shrunk by 80% which is made it difficult to provide fresh water however by the coast this is not a problem

28
Q

What attracts people to the Bournemouth coastline?

A

In 1851 it was a village of 695 people by 2012 its population was over 183 000

Has a Bournemouth university - attracts young people

Has the fastest growing digital economy

Climate- Has the UK’s second sunniest summer

Accessibility - the Bournemouth railway means it’s just 2 hours from London

29
Q

Give an example of a foreign coastline that has been developed into a coastal resort

A

Benidorm, Spain
Has a population of 67,000
In summertime its population can peak to over half a million

30
Q

What attracts tourists to Benidorm, Spain

A

Good night-life with bars and clubs - attracts young people

Theme parks pubs and restaurants

Has skyscraper hotels

3 ‘blue flag’ status beaches (they are certified as clean’

Climate- over 22% of people along the Spanish coastline are over 65

31
Q

What is generally the cause of exponential growth to coastal environments? Is it natural increase or inward migration

A

Inward migration from other parts of the UK

32
Q

State foreign coastline studies

A

Benidorm Spain
Florida
Australia

33
Q

What attracts people to the Australlian Coast?

A

60% of Australlian residents live along the coast

Service Jobs in tourism attract young people to the coast

coastal towns offer outdoors lifestyle as well as urban attractions such as theatres restaurants and culture

house prices are cheaper so young families generally move there

34
Q

Where is the Jurassic coast?

A

It’s a coastline in the SW of England going from Devon to Dorset

35
Q

Why does theJurassic coast attract tourists?

A

England’s first UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE so it’s recognised internationally for its scientific importance

Many blue flag beaches

Fossils- released due to coastal erosion can interest people who seek to discover more about prehistoric life

36
Q

What have been the economic advantages of Tourism to the Jurassic Coast

A

Employment opportunities as many more jobs have been created

Tourists spend money which boosts the local economy

Local population has more money to spend which boost the local economy (multiplier effect)

Local infrastructure is improved to accommodate and attract more tourists

37
Q

What have been the disadvantages of Tourism to the Jurassic Coast

A

Increase in air and noise illusion
Increased property prices , pricing out the locals

Many Jobs created are seasonal

38
Q

Constructive wave (marine factor)

A

The flow of water up the beach as the wave advances is stronger than the flow of water away from the beach this means a lot of material is deposited onto the beach

39
Q

What is deposition and what type of physical factor is it

A

When the sea has less energy ,material that has been eroded from the coast is transported by the sea

Terrestrial

40
Q

What is a spit and what type of physical factor is it

A

It’s an extended stretch of beach material that only joins the beach at one end it is built during longshore drift

Eg
Spurn head , Humberside, Holderness Coast

41
Q

How does surface run off as a result of tourism ( a human factor) lead to the degradation of the coast

A

Due to a large amount of people migrating to the coast , development of buildings and infrastructure has increased eg railways to accommodate the people . On average the Great Barrier Reef has over 2 million visitors a year meaning development is inevitable in order to satisfy wants and needs leading to surface run off as there is decreased infiltration due to large areas of concrete covered land

The run off carries large amounts of sediment and pesticides this leads to poor quality water as eutrophication takes place, the algae grows on the reef causing organisms that require the reef to die

42
Q

How does marine debris as a result of tourism ( a human factor) lead to the degradation of the coast

A

When plastic debris enters the ocean it can cause the death of reef species, abandoned fish nets entangle and kill reef organisms even damaging reef

43
Q

Has Bournemouth had rapid growth ?

A

Yes it grew 6.4% between 1995 and 2005

44
Q

Why does Bournemouth attract working age people

A

It has a slightly higher than average working population at 66.5% rather than 64.1% nationally

Increase in number of jobs in the service sector has Barclays and Santander

Bournemouth University- allows people to become skilled graduates

Fastest growing digital economy

46
Q

How much of the worlds mangroves have been destroyed and why

A

35% mangroves are often cleared for development in New Zealand some mangrove forests were cleared to make space for the Raylan harbour meaning many organisms lost there habitat or were forced to migrate causing a major shift in the food chain and a loss of biodiversity

This also means an increase in C02 emissions as mangroves are carbon stores

47
Q

Give an example of a man made reef

A

An example of an artificial reef is the Boscombe Surf Reef in Boscombe, Dorset, UK

48
Q

What is a surf reef?

A

Many sand filled bags being placed along the shoreline to increase wave size.

49
Q

What are the benefits of the Surf Reef at Boscombe?

A

By enhancing surfing conditions it will increase tourism.

The tourism led to regeneration of the area as the pier was refurbished

50
Q

Why is the artificial surf reef at Boscombe controversial

A

The Dorset Coastline (Jurassic Coast) is a World Heritage Coast meaning according to UNESCO it has special physical significance and should be protected

51
Q

What are the costs of the Surf Reef at Boscombe?

A

IT cost more than the anticipated 3 mill at 11 instead.

It was closed in 2011 due to safety reasons and the improvements that had to be made to it cost

After all the money spent n November 2014 it was reported that surfers had “given up” on the reef, as it made them “a laughing stock”

52
Q

Who were the stakeholders at Boscombe

A

DEFRA (government)
Tourists
Local business’
Dorset county council

A Level Geography (5 decks)

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