Croup, Pertussis, Bronchiolitis, Hyaline Membrane Dz Flashcards
What is the most common viral cause of croup?
Parainfluenza type 1
In what season do you often see croup?
Fall & Winter
What ages usually present w/ croup?
6-36 months, rare if seen > 6 years old
What is the significant sign/symptom you see in croup?
Barking cough and stridor
What do you make your dx off of for croup? What other tests can you run if not sure?
Dx based on barking cough and stridor
Chest X ray –> steeple sign
Labs: WBC elevated, Large # bands = bacterial infections
How do you treat croup?
Tx symptoms!!
- Humidified air
- Reassurance
- Educate
- Good follow up
What is the cause of pertussis? How is it transmitted?
Bordetella pertussis
Transmitted via resp droplets so it is highly contagious
Describe the presentation of pertussis
3 phases
- Cattaharal Phase (1-2 wks)
- -> no specific sx - Paroxysmal Phase (begins wk 2)
- -> Bursts of rapid consecutive coughs followed by a deep high pitch inspiration
- -> throw up after coughing - Convalescent (4 wks after onset)
- -> gradual dec. in frequency and severity of cough
What does the lab work look like for pertussis?
WBC
Culture
Nasopharyngeal cx
How do you treat pertussis in children 1-6 months?
Azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days
How do you treat pertussis in children >6 months?
Azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for Day 1 and then 5 mg/kg for the remaining 2-5 days
How do you treat adults w/ pertussis?
Azithromycin 500 mg on Day 1 and 250 mg Day 2-5
If a patient is allergic to azithromycin what is the alternative treatment?
TMP-SMX (Bacitrin) but contraindicated in children < 2 months old
Who is at risk for hyaline membrane disease?
Premature babies (26-28 wks) Rapid labor, C-section, mother w/ DM, siblings with RDS
Presentation of Hyaline Membrane Dz
Appears within minutes of birth usually
Tacypnea, cyanosis, apnea, rapid shallow breathing, grunting
