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Paediatrics > Croup > Flashcards

Croup Flashcards

1
Q

Define Croup

A

Croup is an acute infective respiratory disease affecting young children
- URTI causing oedema in the larynx

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2
Q

Croup common causative virus

A

Parainfluenza types 1 OR 3
Influenza
Adenovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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3
Q

Croup clinical presentations

A
  • “Barking” cough, occurring in clusters of coughing episodes
  • Hoarse voice
  • Fever
  • Stridor
  • Increased work of breathing
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4
Q

0-2 mild Croup score Mx

A

Single dose PO dexamethasone
150mcg per kg weight

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5
Q

OONNI

Croup stepwise Mx

A

Oral dexamethasone
Oxygen
Nebulised budesonide
Nebulised adrenalin
Intubation and ventilation

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6
Q

Define Westley Croup Score

A

provides a valid scoring system that helps to categorise children based on their presenting clinical features of Croup

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7
Q

5 components, SARCO

Westley Croup Score components

A
  1. Stridor
  2. Air Entry
  3. Retractions
  4. Consciouness level
  5. O2 sat.
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8
Q

Croup Risk factors

A
  • Male > Females
  • Aged 6 months and 3 years
  • Peak at 2 years
  • Autumn & Spring
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9
Q

Tachy RR for children

A

RR >60/minute age 0 to 5 months
RR >50/minute age 6 to 12 months
RR >40/minute age over 12 months

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10
Q

Diagnosing a sick child

A
  • Increased RR
  • Floppiness
  • Using of accessory muscles
  • Dehydration: not wetting nappy for >12hours / looking inside the mucosa
  • Feeding / eating
  • Chest recession
  • Drowsiness
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11
Q

Croup Pathophysiology

A

Viral URTI which results in mucosal inflammation anywhere between the nose and trachea

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12
Q

Who should be getting PO dexamethasone for croup

A

ALL children with croup

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13
Q

Croup complications

A
  • Lymphadenitis
  • Otitis Media
  • Dehydration, as a consequence of not being able to maintain fluid intake
    Rare:
  • Bacterial superinfection resulting in pneumonia or bacterial tracheitis
    Extremely rare:Pulmonary oedema, pneumothorax
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14
Q

Westley Croup Score classification

A

0-2 Mild
3-5 Moderate
6-11 Severe
12-17 Impending respiratory failure

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15
Q

3-5 moderate croup Mx

A
  1. PO dexamathasone 150mcg/kg
  2. Observe for 4 hours
    - if partially better, observe and repeat PO dexamathasone 150mcg/kg after 12 hours
    - if NOT better admit to hosp
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16
Q

6-11 Sever croup Mx

A
  1. PO dexamethasone
  2. Consider adrenaline
  3. Consider intubation
  4. Admit
17
Q

> 11 croup score Mx

A
  1. 100% O2 + nebs adrenaline
  2. Senior Anaesthetist
18
Q

Why is nebulised adrenaline used in croup

A

can be inhaled and directly targeting the airways

19
Q

Why is adrenaline used in croup

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Smooth muscle relaxation
  • Rapid action

Paediatrics (23 decks)

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