Cross-Study Flashcards
Alliteration
Repetition of consonant in initial position, eg Big Bees on Birch and Bricks
Phonological Patterning
Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance, Onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme, used to capture attention of audience
Assonance
Repetition of vowel phonemes across phrases, eg “Fleet of jeeps through the streets”
Consonance
Repeitition of consonants anywhere, usually at syllable-final boundaries. eg. “beeS in the treeS buZZed with eaSe”
Onomatopoeia
evocative words from the sounds they represent, eg crash bang
Rhythm
Patterns of intonation, eg double double toil and trouble, STRONG weak STrong weak STRONG weak STRONg weak
Rhyme
Repetition of similar phonemes at the end of each word. can be half rhyme (one of the sounds of the syllable) or full rhyme.
Syntactic Patterns
Parallelism, Antithesis, Listing, used to capture attention, make text more memorable or reinforce meaning/understanding
Parallelism
A parallel syntactic structure, eg i love jacob. Jacob loves me.
Antithesis
two contrasting ideas near each other. eg there are good days and bad days
Listing
what did u think it was? you are: dumb, stupid, an idiot, restarted, acoustic
Discourse
The study of units longer than a sentence
Pragmatics
The study of language used within a given context, and how context contributes to meaning.
Cohesion
lexical choice, elipsis, repetition, referencing, synonymy, antonymy, metonymy, substitution, collocation, adverbials, conjunctions, information flow
Information flow
clefting: it-cleft, wh-cleft
front focus: left dislocation, and fronting, passives, .
end focus: end weight, right dislocation, there constructions
Referencing
Anaphoric, Cataphoric, Deictic
Tenor
the mood of the relationship between the participants of a discourse, as set by author, described through social distance and social hierarchy
Coherence
Cohesion features (but don’t ever fucking talk about them) consistency, conventions, inference, formatting, logical ordering
Features of spoken discourse
openings, closings, adjacency pairs, minimal responses, overlapping speech, discourse markers, non-fluency features
Consistency
Similar contexts used within the text. Involves font and spacing, punctuation, visual cues
Conventions
established rules and expectations for the text
Non-fluency features
Pauses, filled pauses, repair sequences, false starts, repetition
Spoken discourse features
Topic Management, Turn taking, Management of Repair Sequences, Codeswitching
Politeness Strategies
Positive politeness- social harmony and rapport, similarity, interest etc.
Negative politeness - reducing imposition placed on other parties, hedging, apologising, etc.
Face
Positive face: dog. Wanting to be liked and seen. social recognition.
Negative face: cat. Wanting to be free from imposition, keeping personal liberties.
Hedging
Being a bitch
Semantic patterns
figurative language, irony, oxymoron, metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, animation, lexical ambiguity, puns
personification v animation
personificication is giving agency and human qualities, while animation is giving them living qualities without necessarily giving agency
Irony
Saying one thing but meaning another, typically the opposite, eg sarcasm
oxymoron
contradictory words or phrases used together
bittersweet, delicious poison, virtual reality
Other semantic features
semantic domain, idiom, denotation, connotation, euphemism, dysphemism
prosodic features:
Intonation, stress, tempo, rhythm, pitch
Social distance
closeness of participants of a discourse
Authority
power that a person or group holds
Expertise
high level of knowledge of a specific subjects
Purposes of formal language
Politeness strategies, social harmony, negotiating social taboos, building rapport, reinforcing social distance and authority, establishing expertise, clarifying, manipulating, obfuscating
Discourse strategies in formal texts
topic management, turn taking, management of repair sequences, code switching
Discourse factors cohesion coherence
regular cohesion and coherence
