Cross Section Studies

Question 1

What is a cross sectional study?

Answer 1

observational studies that capture health/disease and exposure statuses at the same time

Question 2

What can cross sectional studies also be known as?

Answer 2

prevalence studies

Question 3

Cross sectionals studies focuses __________ on disease and populations characteristics

Answer 3

simultaneously

Question 4

Are cross sectional studies large or small surveys?

Answer 4

large–national surveys or databases

Question 5

What are the two cross sectional approaches?

Answer 5

• Collect data on each member of the population

- take a sample of the population and draw inferences to the remainder

Question 6

What are the two approaches to collection of cross sectional studies?

Answer 6

questionnaires/surveys

physical assessments

Question 7

What are the strengths for cross sectional studies?

Answer 7

• quicker and easier for the researcher when using data already collected
• less expensive for researchers than any form of prospective study
• can be analyzed like a case control or cohort study
• useful for estimating prevalence rates
• useful for answering research questions about a myriad of exposures and diseases using same data

Question 8

What are the weaknesses for cross sectional studies?

Answer 8

• prevalent cases may represent survivors
• difficult to study diseases of low frequencies
• unable to generate incidence rates
• problems in determining temporal relationship of presumed cause and effect

Question 9

What is NHANES?

Answer 9

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Question 10

What is NHIS?

Answer 10

National health interview survey

Question 11

What is NAMCS?

Answer 11

National ambulatory medical care survey

Question 12

What is NHCS?

Answer 12

National Hospital care survey

Question 13

What is BRFSS?

Answer 13

behavioral risk factor surveillance system

Question 14

What does NHANES do?

Answer 14

assesses the health and nutritional status of adults and children

Question 15

How does NHANES collect data?

Answer 15

survey sample is selected to represent the US population of all ages

Question 16

What does NHIS do?

Answer 16

principle source of information on health of the civilian, non institutionalized on population

Question 17

How is data collected for NHIS?

Answer 17

through personal household interview, set of core questions that remain largely unchanged and a set of supplements used to respond to public health data as arises

Question 18

What does NAMCS do?

Answer 18

national survey designed to meet the need for objective, reliable information about the provision and use of ambulatory medical care services in the US

Question 19

How does NAMCS collect data?

Answer 19

based on sample of visits to non federal non institutional physicians primarily engaged in direct patient care

Question 20

What does NHCS do?

Answer 20

combined national survey designed to describe national patterns of healthcare delivery in non federal hospital based settings

Question 21

What 3 cross sectional surveys does NHCS integrate?

Answer 21

national hospital discharge survey (NHDS)
national hospital ambulatory medical care survey (NHAMCS)
drug abuse warning network (DAWN)

Question 22

What is BRFSS?

Answer 22

state based system of telephone health surveys that collects information on health risk behaviors, preventative health practices, and health care access primarily related to chronic disease and injury

Question 23

How is data collected for BRFSS?

Answer 23

adults are interviewed by telephone

youth BRFSS conducted by questionnaires in school