Cross-cultural variation Flashcards
what did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) do?
carried out a meta-analysis combining 32 studies of the strange situation from various countries based on the observation of 2000 children
what did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) find?
highest secure attachment in Britain at 72%, lowest in China at 50%
Insecure resistant highest in Israel at 30%, lowest in Britain at 3%
Insecure avoidant highest in Germany at 35%, lowest in Japan at 5%
why were Israeli children high in resistant behaviour?
reared in a Kibbutz so used to being separated from their mother, but not used to strangers
what did Fox (1977) study?
Did the strange situation with Israeli children with either their mother or the metapelet (Kibbutz nurse).
found they were similarly attached to both, but more happy to see their mother on reunion
why were German children mostly avoidant?
Grossmann et al (1985) says german parent seek independent non-clingy infants
strengths of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?
ethically sound
significant applications in paychology
weaknesses of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?
use of the strange situation is argued to be ethnocentric so is an imposed etic
study may not be representative as in some countries, only a small sample was used
what did Simonella (2014) study?
76 Italian babies aged 12 months using the strange situation to see if it matched previous studies in Italy
found 50% secure, 36% insecure avoidant, may be explained by more mothers using childcare
what did Jin (2012) study?
compared attachment types of 87 Korean babies to proportions in other studies
found similar patterns of secure and insecure attachment, but only one baby was avoidant
similar to Japans childrearing practices
strengths of cultural studies?
large sample
weaknesses of cultural studies?
studies unrepresentative of culture - comparisons of countries, not culture
method of assessment is biased
