Cross Cultural Studies - Perception Flashcards
What do cultural differences and similarities show?
Differences = learnt not innate Similarities = evolutionary - innate
What might cultural differences be due to?
Biological factors e.g genetics + diet, or ecological factors such as local environment, cultural history and education
What did Turnbull do?
Studied the Bambuti Pygmies who lived in dense forest so had no size constancy as had no experience of looking at objects far away.
- One member taken out of the forest and saw a buffalo grazing in the distance
What did Turnbull find?
Thought the buffalo in the distance was an insect
What did Turnbull conclude?
His study supports cultural differences which supports Gregory - perception is learnt
How does SSNR relate to Turnbull’s study?
- Unethical to expose members to outside world (bringing in Western technology e.g. a car), cause members to seek a different life
How does N/N relate to Turnbull’s study?
- How would the tribe carry out everyday activities, such as hunting, without size constancy = could be a poor visual problem causing incorrect identification
How does PAS relate to Turnbull’s study?
Only one member used, not reliable only valid
What did Hudson do?
Analysed how people responded to questions about pictures which included depth cues, such as relative size and overlap
- Asked what the objects were to ensure they were familiar with the relative size of the animals
- Then asked ‘What is the man doing?’ and ‘which animal is closest to the man?’
What did Hudson find?
Non-Western people = difficulty seeing depth in picture, believed elephant was closer + that the man was hunting a small elephant - perceived as 2D rather than 3D
How does Hudson’s study support nurture?
Shows cultural differences
How does PAS relate to Hudson’s study?
1) Ambiguous Qs - example of cultural bias as Qs may be interpreted different in different cultures = may not think i terms of real life
2) Only 2 depth cues - if others were added African Ps more likely to interpret the picture in 3D
What happened when texture gradient was added to Hudson’s study?
There was a much higher rate of perceiving depth - 64% 3D answers compared to 54% in Hudson’ study
- When colour added = 73%
What did Eysenck and Keene show?
Showed that if the Muller-Lyer fins are replaced by circles we still fall for the illusions = CU as doesn’t resemble the ‘carpentered world’ - innate
