Cross-Cultural Psychology

Question 1

Access to resources

Answer 1

The indicator of availability of materials resources to a population. (part if integrative approach)

Question 2

Define Activity

Answer 2

A process of individual’s goal-directed interaction with the environment.

Question 3

Define Availability of Resources

Answer 3

(part of integrative approach) a measure indicating the presence of and access to resources essential for the individual’s well-being.

Question 4

Collectivism vs. individualism

Answer 4

A behavior based on concerns for other people, traditions, and values they share together.
Complex behavior based on concerns for oneself and one’s immediate family or primary group as opposed to concerns for other groups to which one belongs.

Question 5

What is Cross-cultural psychology?

Answer 5

The critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology.

Question 6

What is cultural psychology

Answer 6

The study that seeks to discover systematic relationship between culture and psychological variables.

Question 7

Define culture

Answer 7

A set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of people and usually communicated from one generation the next.

Question 8

Ecological context

Answer 8

(part of ecocultural approach)

The natural setting in which human organisms and the environment interact.

Question 9

Define Ethnicity

Answer 9

A cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a common ancestral origin, language, and religion.

Question 10

Ethnocenterism

Answer 10

The view that supports judgment about other ethic, national, and cultural group and events from the observer’s own ethic, national, or cultural group’s outlook. E.g students drew their own country in larger proportion compared to the rest of the countries and the other countries did not differ significantly in size.

Question 11

Ideological ( value-based knowledge)

Answer 11

A stable set of beliefs about the world, the nature of good and evil, and wrong and the purpose of human life, all based on a certain organizing principle or central idea.

Question 12

Legal knowledge

Answer 12

A type of knowledge encapsulated in the law and detailed in official rules and principles related to psychological functioning of individuals.

Question 13

Define Multiculturalism

Answer 13

The view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their own path of development.

Question 14

Define Nation

Answer 14

A large group of people who constitute a legitimate independent sate and share a common geographic origin, history, and frequently, language.

Question 15

Nontraditional culture vs. Traditional culture

Answer 15

The term used to describe cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles, relatively, open to other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science based and technology-driven, and relatively tolerant to social innovations.
The term used to describe cultures based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries, restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations.

Question 16

Popular (folk) knowledge

Answer 16

Everyday assumptions ranging commonly held beliefs to individual opinions about psychological phenomena.

Question 17

Power distance

Answer 17

( empirical examination of culture) The extend to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Question 18

Define Race

Answer 18

A larger group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical characteristics.

Question 19

Religious affiliation

Answer 19

A term indicating an individual’s acceptance of knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to a particular faith.

Question 20

Scientific knowledge

Answer 20

A type of knowledge accumulated as a result of scientific research on a wide range of psychological phenomena.

Question 21

Sociopolitical context

Answer 21

( part if ecocultural approach) the setting in which people participate in both global and local decisions, it includes various ideological issues, political structures, and presence, or absence of political and social freedoms.

Question 22

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 22

( empirical examination of culture) the degree to which the members of society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.

Question 23

Uncertainty orientation

Answer 23

( empirical examination of culture) common ways in which people handle uncertainty in their daily situations and lives in general.

Question 24

What does cross-cultural psychology examines/ studies?

Answer 24

Psychological diversities
Reason behind such diversities
Links between cultural norms & behaviors
Ways in which particular human activities are different, dissimilar social and cultural forces

Question 25

List three essentials in definition of culture

Answer 25

Attitude Behaviors Symbols

Question 26

List the 3 racial categories based on Arthur Dale:

Answer 26

A) continental origin: African B) anthropological designation: Caucasian C) colonial history: Latino

Question 27

4 types of knowledge in Cross-cultural psychology are :

Answer 27

Scientific knowledge Psychological knowledge Value-based knowledge Legal knowledge

Question 28

Two types of cultural roots are:

Answer 28

Traditional culture | Non-traditional culture

Question 29

What are the approaches used in cross-cultural psychology?

Answer 29

``` Evolutionary approach Sociological approach Ecocultural approach Cultural mixture approach Integrative approach ```