cross-cultural health beliefs related to food (P1+2) Flashcards
wester biomedicine
western is the same for everyone, rest are alternative.
evidence-based
food as medicine
dietary practices to maintain health + to treat illness
how does western biomedicine differ from folk medicine?
food is used to maintain wellness and to treat disease.
-> evidence required to prove that nutrition is therapy differs.
define biomedicine
system of clinical medicine based on principles of natural sciences, including biology, physiolocy + biochemistry.
biomedicine - body treated?
as machine. understood by laws of physics, chem + physiology know pathway + effects
biomedicine - Disease is?
malfunction of body’s biological parts or mechanisms.
traditional - disease is?
spiritual, negative thoughts. other aspects of self that caused disease.
biomedicine focus:
internal workings of body. treat with medicine
traditional focus:
look at whole body + aligning/balancing it.
treat healthy - prevention
biomedical perspective of food as medicine
food is nutrients. eating well important to good health.
dietetics + dieticients - what kind of practice?
evidence-based practice. dieticians translate complex scientific evidence into practical solutions to promote health + manage conditions
how does evidence-based medicine work
applies best evidence from scientific method.
evidence quality based on type, statistical validity, clinical relevance, peer-review acceptance
hierarchy of evidence used in clinical decision-making
- background info/expert opinion
- case studies
- cohort study
- randomied control trials
- critically appraised articles
- critically appraised topics - evidence synthesis
- systematic reviews
higher up =higher quality of research
evidence-based dietary and exercise guidelines
healthy weight, physically active, consume healthy diet, limit alcohol consumption
how do guidelines influence cancer risk?
high adherence = decrease of overall cancer incidence and mortality.
= confident in guidelines that they’re based on confirmatory scientific evidence
folk medicine - who uses and heals?
trained, apprentice. sometimes “gift” sometimes runs in family.
some ppl use as primary, poor or remote areas.
folk medicine belief - what therapy?
food, herbal medicine, spirituality and manual therapy to diagnose, treat, prevent illness
common folk medicine belief - discuss
you are what you eat.
you take on attributes of food.
-> incorporate its traits.
-> food resembles body parts, good for that part when cosumed. : brain - walnut
-> aphrodisiac qualities resemble genitalia: banana, oyster
african food taboo in pregnancy - Nigeria
rural Nigeria: avoid meat, fish, nut, bean. red monkey = child look like monkey. snake = delay walking
African food taboo - tanzania
fish, egg consumption in high risk for anemia.
fish: child breath like fish, lots of amnitotic fluid @ delivery.
meat: take on characteristics of animal
eggs: bald
you are what you eat - hot + cold beliefs
perceived energetically hot/cold or neutral depending on effect on body.
-> ingest food, take on energetic characteristics
pregnancy in india
eating food increase heat = cause miscarriage (sesame, papaya, mango, pineapple)
iron supplements darken skin.
saffron = fair skinned
ghee = easy delivery
you are what you eat - carotenoids
evidence that what we eat does change how we look
symbolic properties of food
words often sound similar to word used to describe happiness, prosperity, or health
alternative based on?
balance.
btw hot/col, wet/dry.
what is principle of opposites?
individual is given foods/medicines of opposite quality of condition to restore balance. avoid foods of same quality
name traditional medical systems that embrace “balance”
ayurvedic system of india; humoral system of ancient greece, islamic traditional, mexican folk, traditional chinese
humoral system of Greece: organized how?
aorund 4 elements of earth, water, air, fire.
around 4 qualities of cold, hot, moist, dry
around 4 humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm
greek humoral imbalance
imbalance = ickness. healed by ingesting foods to correct balance.
winter - cold: give hot.
summer - fever: give cold, dry
postpartum punjabi immigrants
state of heat during pregnancy - avoid hot. during and after labour - lose blood = cold. hot food.
-> difficult in western hospital bc cold food
mexican traditional women - similar to punjabi
heat leaves in childbirth = mexican put cotton in ear to keep heat in.
traditional chinese medicine
- taught where/
- basic principle?
taught alongside western medicine.
- ancient.
- keep body in harmony with enviro for optimal health.
- proper combos of food + methods.
TCM principles?
acupuncture, pulse reading, tai chi, diet therapy thru food + herb
TCM beliefs
positive + negative energy = yin + yang.
imbalance = illness.
stage of life (age) determines food that should be eaten.
what is yin?
cold, dark, moist, female, negative.
what is yang?
heat, bright, dry, male, positive.
meat almost always yang = hot
health beliefs of older chinese in Canada
soup is good for health = tonic. good for energy
fried food = too much heat.
herbal medicine: fewer side effects, balance yin+yang
postpartum beliefs of chinese-americans NYC
cold, fruit/veg = harmful to mothers. decrease milk production
soup promote breastmilk prouction
TCM - video.
balance cool foods?
some foods with inherent hot quality?
balance cool by deep frying.
hot: lamb, beef, spicy. yang
yin - cool. reduce heat in body
traditional arabic + islamic medicine referred to as?
medicine of the prophet. botanical herbs. may explore as alternative or supplement to modern medicine.
components of TAIM
fasting, medicinal plants as tea, infusion, ointment.
black seed: healing properties for most illness
honey : promote circulation
mexican folk medicine - primary healing method?
curanderismo. faithful - bad thoughts = sickness. pray, massage part of treatment
Mexican folk med - person in good health when?
treat with what?
when equal balance of hot + cold in body.
use herb + plant to treat: onion, garlic, aloe vera, herbal tea.
Practices in Mexico by who?
poor + uninsured.
more educated, well-off use western med.
immigrants in US use traditional bc can’t afford US med-care
Mexican - holistic system of beliefs about?
sorcery, when frightened = soul loss, loss of homeostasis. pray to make soul come back
-> includes aztec + mayan beliefs
mexican belief about type 2 diabetes
fright =?
consult? treatment?
loss of soul. consult healer.
treatment:: cactus plant (nopal - increase blood glucose to moderate it.. not harmful, but not tested), spiritual healing, prayer, massage
first nation perception of diabetes
white man disease, loss of traditional lifestyle.
- > fact of life, attitudes fatalistic ( everyone gets it)
- > FN practice may be used, but not expressed to health professional
culturally competent care: based on?
can’t hurt, could help. can hurt, can’t help.
respect, communicate, understand + engage
