Cross Country Planning Flashcards
What is an “isogonic line”?
Shown on a sectional as broken magenta lines. They connect points of equal magnetic variation.
What is the difference between pilotage, dead reckoning, and radio navigation?
Pilotage - Determine Location by reference to visible landmarks
Dead reckoning - Navigate by computing direction and distance from a known position
Radio Navigation - Navigate by use of radio aids
What is magnetic variation?
Variation is the angle between true north and magnetic north
What is magnetic deviation?
magnetic influences from within the airplane itself (electrical circuits, radios, lights, etc)
Within what frequency range do VORs operate?
between 108 and 117.95 MHz
How are VOR NAVAIDS classified?
Terminal, Low, and High
What reception distances can be expected from the various class VORs?
Terminal…..12,000ft and below…..25 Miles
Low…………Below 18,000ft ………..40 Miles
High………..Below 18,000ft…………40 Miles
High……….14,500-17,999ft……….100 Miles
High……….FL180-FL450…………..130 Miles
High……….Above FL450…………..100 Miles
What limitations apply to VOR reception?
VORs are subject to line of sight
What are the different methods for checking the accuracy of the VOR receiver equipment?
VOT check - Plus or Minus 4 degrees
Ground Checkpoint - Plus or Minus 4 degrees
Airborne Checkpoint - Plus or minus 6 degrees
Dual VOR check - 4 degrees between each other
selected radial over a known ground point - Plus or Minus 6 degrees
What is RNAV?
“Area Navigation” RNAV equipment can compute the aircraft’s position, actual track and ground speed, and then provide meaningful information relative to a route of flight selected by the pilot. Present day RNAV system includes INS, LORAN, VOR/DME, and GPS.
What is DME?
Distance Measuring Equipment. Measures distance in Slant Range distance
What is GPS?
A Space Based radio positioning navigation, and time-transfer system. It is unaffected by weather. It use
For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, what pre-flight actions are required? (FAR 91.103)
1) Weather Report and Forecasts
2) Fuel Requirements
3) Alternates
4) Any known traffic delays of which the PIC has been advised by ATC
5) Runway lengths of intended use
6) Takeoff and landing distance data
Think: DRAWFP (Draw Fighter Planes) D: Delays R: Runway lengths of intended use A: Alternates W: Weather reports and forecasts F: Fuel requirements P: Performance (t/o and landing distance data)
For two aircraft converging, who has the right of way? (91.113)
Aircraft on right has the right-of-way
For two aircraft approaching head on, who has the right of way? (91.113)
Both aircraft are to alter course to the right.
For an aircraft overtaking another aircraft, what is the required action?
Aircraft being overtaken has the right of way. The overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right
What is the lowest altitude an aircraft may be operated over an area designated as a US Wildlife refuge, park, or Forest Service area?
All pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of 2,000 Feet AGL (AIM 7-4-6)
If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, what procedure should be used?
The elevation of the departure airfield
When may a pilot intentionally deviate from an ATC clearance or instruction?
No pilot may deviate from an ATC clearance unless:
1) an amended clearance has been obtained
2) An emergency exists
3) In response to a traffic and collision avoidance resolution system advisory
What are the different kinds of altitudes?
Absolute Altitude - AGL
Indicated Altitude - Altitude read from altimeter
Pressure Altitude - Altitude when Altimeter is set to 29.92
True Altitude - MSL
Density Altitude - Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature variations
What is the order of right of way?
"BGAAR" Balloons Gliders Airships Airplanes Rotorcraft
What is a warning area?
airspace extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the US. Involves activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft
When do VFR cruising altitudes come into effect?
3000ft AGL
