Cross Country Planning

Question 0

What is an “isogonic line”?

Answer 0

Shown on a sectional as broken magenta lines. They connect points of equal magnetic variation.

Question 1

What is the difference between pilotage, dead reckoning, and radio navigation?

Answer 1

Pilotage - Determine Location by reference to visible landmarks
Dead reckoning - Navigate by computing direction and distance from a known position
Radio Navigation - Navigate by use of radio aids

Question 2

What is magnetic variation?

Answer 2

Variation is the angle between true north and magnetic north

Question 3

What is magnetic deviation?

Answer 3

magnetic influences from within the airplane itself (electrical circuits, radios, lights, etc)

Question 4

Within what frequency range do VORs operate?

Answer 4

between 108 and 117.95 MHz

Question 5

How are VOR NAVAIDS classified?

Answer 5

Terminal, Low, and High

Question 6

What reception distances can be expected from the various class VORs?

Answer 6

Terminal…..12,000ft and below…..25 Miles
Low…………Below 18,000ft ………..40 Miles
High………..Below 18,000ft…………40 Miles
High……….14,500-17,999ft……….100 Miles
High……….FL180-FL450…………..130 Miles
High……….Above FL450…………..100 Miles

Question 7

What limitations apply to VOR reception?

Answer 7

VORs are subject to line of sight

Question 8

What are the different methods for checking the accuracy of the VOR receiver equipment?

Answer 8

VOT check - Plus or Minus 4 degrees
Ground Checkpoint - Plus or Minus 4 degrees
Airborne Checkpoint - Plus or minus 6 degrees
Dual VOR check - 4 degrees between each other
selected radial over a known ground point - Plus or Minus 6 degrees

Question 9

What is RNAV?

Answer 9

“Area Navigation” RNAV equipment can compute the aircraft’s position, actual track and ground speed, and then provide meaningful information relative to a route of flight selected by the pilot. Present day RNAV system includes INS, LORAN, VOR/DME, and GPS.

Question 10

What is DME?

Answer 10

Distance Measuring Equipment. Measures distance in Slant Range distance

Question 11

What is GPS?

Answer 11

A Space Based radio positioning navigation, and time-transfer system. It is unaffected by weather. It use

Question 12

For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, what pre-flight actions are required? (FAR 91.103)

Answer 12

1) Weather Report and Forecasts
2) Fuel Requirements
3) Alternates
4) Any known traffic delays of which the PIC has been advised by ATC
5) Runway lengths of intended use
6) Takeoff and landing distance data

Think: DRAWFP (Draw Fighter Planes)
D: Delays
R: Runway lengths of intended use
A: Alternates
W: Weather reports and forecasts
F: Fuel requirements
P: Performance (t/o and landing distance data)

Question 13

For two aircraft converging, who has the right of way? (91.113)

Answer 13

Aircraft on right has the right-of-way

Question 14

For two aircraft approaching head on, who has the right of way? (91.113)

Answer 14

Both aircraft are to alter course to the right.

Question 15

For an aircraft overtaking another aircraft, what is the required action?

Answer 15

Aircraft being overtaken has the right of way. The overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right

Question 16

What is the lowest altitude an aircraft may be operated over an area designated as a US Wildlife refuge, park, or Forest Service area?

Answer 16

All pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of 2,000 Feet AGL (AIM 7-4-6)

Question 17

If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, what procedure should be used?

Answer 17

The elevation of the departure airfield

Question 18

When may a pilot intentionally deviate from an ATC clearance or instruction?

Answer 18

No pilot may deviate from an ATC clearance unless:

1) an amended clearance has been obtained
2) An emergency exists
3) In response to a traffic and collision avoidance resolution system advisory

Question 19

What are the different kinds of altitudes?

Answer 19

Absolute Altitude - AGL
Indicated Altitude - Altitude read from altimeter
Pressure Altitude - Altitude when Altimeter is set to 29.92
True Altitude - MSL
Density Altitude - Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature variations

Question 20

What is the order of right of way?

Answer 20

"BGAAR"
Balloons
Gliders
Airships
Airplanes
Rotorcraft

Question 21

What is a warning area?

Answer 21

airspace extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the US. Involves activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft

Question 22

When do VFR cruising altitudes come into effect?

Answer 22

3000ft AGL