Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS 103 > Crop Production - Lab exam 1 > Flashcards

Crop Production - Lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Three basic tissue types in a crop plat

A

Dermal, ground, vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The outermost tissue

A

Dermal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the “pipelines” in the plant are known as

A

vascular tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conducts water and minerals

A

Xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transports photosynthetic products from the leaves

A

Phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regions of active cell division that give rise to the primary growth of various tissue types

A

Meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

located at the tip of roots and shoots

A

Apical meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

located at the axils of leaves

A

Axillary leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Constitute the major underground portion of the plant and are specialized for anchorage, absorption, storage, and conduction

A

roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary root in most monocotyledons that is usually short-lived ad the main root system developed from ________ roots that arise from nodes on the base of the stem below or just above the soil surface

A

adventitious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In monocotyledons, no root is more prominent than the others, and the root system is known as the

A

fibrous root system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in dicotyledons, the _______ of the embryo forms a substantial, tapering main room from which smaller ________ usually arise. This type of root system is called a _______.

A

primary root; lateral roots; taproot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reproductive structure in plants

A

Flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 parts of the flower

A

stamens, pistil, petals, sepals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pollens are produced in the

A

Stamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pistil is composed of

A

stigma, style, ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which flower lacks one or more of the four parts?

A

Incomplete flower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Imperfect flowers are incomplete flowers that lack either the _________ or the ______

A

Stamen or Pistil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plants that have male and female flowers on separate plants

A

Dioecious plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Group of flowers clustered together

A

Inflorscence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mature fertilized ovary containing the seed or seeds

A

Fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fruits could be divided into _____ and _______

A

fleshy fruits and dry fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The dry fruits are divided into ________ and _______

A

dehiscent dry fruits and indehiscent dry fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fleshy fruits examples

A

apples and tomato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dehiscent dry fruits

A

the ovary split ope at maturity (soybean, alfalfa, canola, milkweed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Indehiscent dry fruits

A

the ovary did not split open at maturity (sunflower, grasses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Caryopsis

A

the ovary wall attached to the seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Inflorescence

A

flowers clustered together on brances or a system of branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Florets

A

Flower for grasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of inflorescences

A

Spike (wheat, rye, barley)
Panicle (oat, smooth brome)
Raceme (alfalfa)
Umbel (birds foot trefoil) - all flowers coming from one point
Head (sunflower, Canada thistle) - many flowers on one head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Stamen (male or female?)

A

male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pistil (male or female?)

A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Monocots

A

1 cotyledon
mostly parallel veined
fibrous adventitious roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dicots

A

2 cotyledons
usually net veined
strong taprot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cellulose

A

major component of cell wall - polymer of glucose molecules. Cell wall strength. Production of energy fuels from plant sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Nodes

A

point of attachement for leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Functions of stems

A

conduction of water, nutrients, products of photosynthesis, support for leaves and fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Deep-rooted species

A

taproot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Root functions

A

underground portion

  • anchorage
  • absorption
  • storage
  • conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Stems develop from:

A

the embryonic shoot or from a bud of an existing stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

More tillers =

A

More yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Types of ligule

A

Absent, hairy, membranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Bulb

A

disc stem and enlarged fleshy leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Conduction tissues in leaves

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

types of auricles

A

claw like, short/stubby, sbsent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Primary photosynthetic organ of the plant

A

leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

2 components of the plant cell are

A

cell wall and protoplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Gives plant cell walls their strength and rigidity

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A component of plant cell walls, negatively affects the digestibility of forages

A

Lignin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Protoplasm of a plant cell consists of

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Functions of nucleau in plant cells

A

Controls protein synthesis and stores genetic information in the form of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Where is genetic information stores _____ in the form of ______

A

Nucleus; DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Organelle of photosynthesis

A

Cloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Organelle of Respiration

A

Mitocondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Organelle of secretions

A

Golgi bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Organelle of distribution of cellular substances

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

organelle ATP formation

A

Mitocondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Importance of vaculose

A

water balance, pigment depostion, storage of various ions and molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What gas is produced in the mitochondria during respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What gas is produced in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What part of the cell is especially important in energy fules production

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

In a taproot system,

A

it is easy to differentiate between the primary and secondary roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

the Vascular tissues that is responsible for transporting photosynthesates from the leaf to the flower is

A

Phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Monocot plants have a ______ root system

A

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

In most occasions, you will observe the following parts in the leaf of a grass plant

A

Leaf Blade, Leaf Sheet, Auricles, Ligules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Incomplete but a perfect flower will be lacking

A

the Sepals or Petals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

The arrangements of flowers is an inflorescence could:

A

be an Umbel, a Spike, or a Panicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

In palmately compound leaves,

A

leaflets arise from a common point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Colored scar on the soybean identifying the point of attachment to the seed pod is called

A

hilum

70
Q

Plants classified as Annuals or Perennials are classified based on

A

life cycle

71
Q

Classifying plants into groups by the botanical/scientific system is based on

A

similarities in structures: such as simple or compound leaves

72
Q

the designation “mays” in the binomial naming system for Zea mays L. represents the

A

species

73
Q

Plant classification order is the correct sequence (most to least inclusive)

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

74
Q

What plant classification group includes the least number of plants

A

species

75
Q

What completes their life cycle in one year or one growing season?

A

Annuals

76
Q

Planted during the spring

A

Summer annuals

77
Q

Planted during the fall

A

Winter annuals

78
Q

Types of annuals

A

summer and winter annuals

79
Q

Classification of plants according to life cycle

A

Annuals, Biennials, Perennials, Pseudo-Annuals

80
Q

Two growing seasons

A

Biennials

81
Q

Persist for three or more years

A

Perennials

82
Q

Categories of perennials

A
  1. Herbaccous perennials

2. Woody perennials

83
Q

Classification according to temperature adaptation

A

Tropical plants, temperate plants, subrtopical crops

84
Q

When biennials or perennials are harvested after only one growing season

A

Pseudo-Annuals

85
Q

Originated at or around the equator. Warm-season plants.

A

Tropical plants

86
Q

Temperature of tropical plants

A

above 50

87
Q

Originated in regions of distinct seasonal change in temperature. cool season plants

A

Temperate plants

88
Q

Border the tropical and temperate regions. Grow best at warmer but can tolerate freezing temperatrues

A

Subtropical crops

89
Q

Scientific name is ______

A

universal

90
Q

Required for sale

A

name and address of owner or seller, the lot number, kind or variety, % pure seed, %inert matter, %other crop, % weed seed, name and rate or occurrence of any restricted noxious weed seed present, $ germination, date of germination test

91
Q

Requirements for a Purity test

A

% pure seed, % other crop, % week seed, % inert matter

92
Q

Classes of seeds

A

Common seed, certified seeds

93
Q

Types of certified seed

A

Foundation, registered, certified

94
Q

Seed quality

A

Prohibited: no seeds
restricted: allows up to a set number, has to be listed
Maximum % of total seeds allowed - 2%

95
Q

Vigor test for corn

A

cold test

96
Q

vigot test for soybeans

A

accelerated aging

97
Q

test for variety identification

A

electophoreses

98
Q

test for live seed for labeling

A

germination

99
Q

test for live seed (shortest time)

A

tetrazolium (Tz)

100
Q

Plant organs

A

Roots, stems, leaves, buds, flowers

101
Q

Purity test is separated into four compartments

A
  1. the pure seed component
  2. other crop seed present
  3. weed seeds
    4 inert matter
102
Q

Grasses Hypogeal

A

Panicoid and Festucoid

103
Q

Grasses Panicoid

A

corn, warm seaons grasses

104
Q

Grasses Festucoid

A

wheat, cool season grasses

105
Q

Legumes Hypogeal

A

Pea, Lentil

106
Q

LEgumes Epigeal

A

soybean, alfalfa

107
Q

Hypogeal

A

Cotyledon below ground

108
Q

Epigeal

A

Cotyledon above ground

109
Q

Young shoot above cotyledon

A

plumule

110
Q

Young root below cotyledon

A

radicle

111
Q

Attachment of the cotyledons

A

spictyl

112
Q

portion of the embryo axis below the cotyledons and between radicle

A

hypocotyl

113
Q

Radicle

A

Primary root

114
Q

crown root

A

adventious root

115
Q

Seminal root

A

Seedilng root

116
Q

brace root

A

prop root

117
Q

terminal bud

A

apical bud

118
Q

1st internode

A

mesocotyl

119
Q

legumes have ___ cotyledons

A

2

120
Q

Legume seed is comprised of

A

testa, cotyledons and embryo

121
Q

the embryo axis in a legume seedling above the first node is called the

A

spicotyl

122
Q

portion below the first node is called the

A

hypocotyl

123
Q

What three conditions are required for germenation to occur

A
  1. correct temperature
  2. adequate moisture
  3. adequate oxygen levels
124
Q

The first structure to break through the seed coat during germination is the

A

radicle

125
Q

hypocotyl arches can be found in legumes that exibit

A

epigeal type of emergence

126
Q

After soybean seedling emerges, the cotyledons are

A

above ground/soil surface

127
Q

Epicotyl arches can be found in legumes that exhibit

A

hypocotyl type of emergence

128
Q

Examples of hypocotyl arches

A

soybean, cowpea

129
Q

Examples of epicotyl arches

A

pea, chickpea

130
Q

seed coat

A

testa

131
Q

stored food

A

cotyledons

132
Q

young plant

A

embryo

133
Q

Fruit of grasses

A

caryopsis

134
Q

Caryopsis is comrised of the

A

embryo, endosperm, and pericarp

135
Q

WHat is the sheath that protects the embryonic shoot

A

coleoptile

136
Q

provides food for the embryo and young seedling after germination

A

endosperm

137
Q

All grass seedlings exhibit

A

hypogeal emergence

138
Q

after emergence (hypogeal), the cotyledon is located

A

where planted

139
Q

The two methods of seedling emergence in grasses are

A

panicoid and festueoid

140
Q

Structures elongate in panicoid emergence

A

mesocotyl and coleoptile

141
Q

Stuctures elongate in festucoid emergence

A

coleoptile

142
Q

Crops that have festucoid emergence

A

cool-seaon grasses

143
Q

panicoid emergence crops

A

warm season grasses

144
Q

Panicoid emergence roots are

A

always near the surface

145
Q

festicoid emergence roots

A

remain near planting

146
Q

Stemes

A

axis, upright or horizontal, that is comprised of points of attachments for leaves called nodes

147
Q

Nodes

A

Point of attachment for leaves

148
Q

Internones

A

between two nodes

149
Q

Tillers

A

vertical flowering stems of grasses that originate from basal nodes

150
Q

Rhizomes

A

underground stems, characteristic of sod-forming species such as smooth bromegrass and quackgrass

151
Q

Stolons

A

horizonal above groud stems taht produce functional leaves

152
Q

Tuber

A

much-enlarged, fleshy underground stem (potato)

153
Q

Petiole

A

(leaf stalk) - often present in dicotyldons

154
Q

Sessile

A

leaves when they lack a petiole and the blade is attached directly at its base to the stem

155
Q

Stipules

A

small leaflike appendages found at the basse of the petiole in legumes

156
Q

Sheath

A

tubular structure that surrounds the stem

157
Q

Ligule

A

membranous structure or line of hairs taht projects from the top of the sheath at the collar in grasses

158
Q

Auricles

A

earlike appendages that occur at the base of teh leaf blade in some grasses

159
Q

Venation

A

arrangement of veins in a blade

160
Q

Parallel vention

A

monocotyledons

161
Q

Netted ventation

A

dicotyledons

162
Q

Palmately compound

A

radiating from a common point

163
Q

pinnately compound

A

arranged along both sides of the rachis

164
Q

Entire

A

smooth margins

165
Q

Serrated

A

toothed margins

166
Q

tendrils

A

long, slender, coiling structures that aid in climbing and support

167
Q

variegation

A

pigmentation is not uniform

168
Q

Pubescence

A

Stem and leaves of many plant species are covered with varying densities of short, soft hairs

169
Q

Terminal buds

A

apex of stems

170
Q

Axillary buds

A

located at the axils of leaves

171
Q

adventitious buds

A

arise from place on the plant other than nodes or stem apices

PS 103 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions