Crop Production - Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
T/F It is natural for weeds to fill empty niches in cropping systems
A
True
2
Q
T/F Weeks can be classified by the environments in which they grow
A
True
3
Q
T/F Crop plants are never weeds
A
False
4
Q
T/F Biennial weeds flower in the first year
A
False
5
Q
T/F Most dicots are easier to kill by cultivation than monocots
A
True
6
Q
T/F A weed must be alive in order to demonstrate allopathic properties
A
False
7
Q
T/F Over 95% of the corn, soybean, and cotton crops grown are treated with herbicides
A
True
8
Q
T/F Weeds can interfere with harvesting equipment
A
True
9
Q
T/F Animals do not have a significant role in weed dispersal
A
False
10
Q
T/F Insecticides are used more than any other pesticide
A
False
11
Q
T/F It is a violation of federal law to use an herbicide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
A
True
12
Q
T/F Selective herbicides affect almost all plants
A
False
13
Q
T/F Different crop species select for different weed species
A
True
14
Q
T/F A disadvantage of biological control is the possibility of affecting non-target species
A
True
15
Q
T/F Tillage is an effective strategy of weed control regardless of weed species
A
False
16
Q
T/F The main concern with atrazine is leaching and accumulation in surface and groundwater
A
True
17
Q
A plant can be classified as a weed if it
A
D. All Answers are correct
18
Q
Weeds that are especially injurious are classified by the government as
A
B. Noxious
19
Q
The long-term persistence of a certain annual weed species is most likely due to:
A
C. High Seed Production
20
Q
A weed that reproduces asexually is most likely
A
C. A perennial
21
Q
Milk sickness is caused when people drink milk from cows who have consumed which weed?
A
D. White snakeroot
22
Q
The first defense against weeds is:
A
A. Prevention of establishment
23
Q
Which agency of the USDA is responsible for preventing the introduction of noxious weeds
A
B. APHIS
24
Q
Which agency is responsible for approving new herbicides
A
A. EPA
25
In what year were genetically engineered crops first introduced?
C. 1996
26
Which type of ingredients are added to a herbicide formulation to facilitate application and handling or to increase activity?
B. Inert ingredient
27
LD50 is a measure of
B. Toxicity
28
The mode of action for glyphosate is
C. amino acid synthesis inhibitor
29
The mode of action for 2,4-D is
A. Growth regulator
30
The mode of action for atrazine is:
B. Photosynthesis inhibitor
31
Which type of herbicide is applied to foliage?
D. Contact
32
Which type of herbicide would be most useful on an established perennial weed
C. Systemic
33
Which would NOT be an appropriate strategy to prevent herbicide resistance?
B. Using extra herbicide
34
Grassy weeds would be easiest to control in which crop?
C. Soybeans
35
T/F Management of plant disease depends on whether the disease is biotic or abiotic
True
36
T/F The life cycle of a fungus can involve only one type of spore
False
37
T/F Mycelium is a symptom of fungal disease
False
38
T/F Scab is more likely to be a problem in dry, cool areas
False
39
T/F Smut can overwinter in soil, plant debris, and seed
True
40
T/F Most fungal agents that cause post harvest diseases are introduced to the affected seed after harvest
False
41
T/F Bacterial wilt of alfalfa is less an issue today because of resistant varieties
True
42
T/F Plant pathogenic viruses are generally composed of DNA enclosed in a protein case
False
43
T/F Viruses can enter the plant through the stomata
False
44
T/F Fungi can transmit viruses to a plant
True
45
T/F A method to control viral diseases is the use of pesticides
False
46
T/F Insects that damage pants all have mouthparts that pierce
False
47
T/F Many bactericides are copper-based
True
48
T/F Contact insecticides, once absorbed by the insect, attack the nerves and respiratory system
True
49
T/F UG99 stem rust has the potential to threaten 20% of the world's food supply
True
50
The visual response by the plant to the pathogen is
A. a symptom
51
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic disease factor
A. Parasitic plant
52
Which of the following organisms reproduces by spores
C. Fungus
53
Rust diseases are caused by which group of fungi?
B. Basidiomycetes
54
Stem rust can have up to how many different spore stages?
C. five
55
Damping off affects which growth stage?
A. seedling
56
The disease associated with the Salem witch trials is:
D. Ergot
57
Leaf spots due to bacterial tend to be:
B. angular
58
Bacterial wilts occur when the bacteria invade the
D. Vascular system
59
Common and halo blight affect which crop species?
D. Beans
60
Vein cleaning is a symptom common in
A. Viral diseases
61
Which plant family does tobacco mosaic virus primarily infect?
B. Potato family
62
Aster yellows is caused by which group of organisms
D. mycoplasma-like organisms
63
Nematodes are a type of:
B. Roundworm
64
The best strategy for nematode control would be:
D. Crop rotation
65
The soybean cyst nematode caused damage by:
C. Feeding on roots
66
The corn ear worm feeds on what part of the corn?
C. Kernals
67
A potential biocontrol being evaluated for use on soybean aphid is which of the following?
B. Binodoxys communis
68
T/F A bushel of corn or soybean weighs 60 pounds
False
69
T/F Seeds at physiological maturity are dry enough for storage
False
70
T/F Generally when soybeans are harvested, the leaves have fallen of the plants
True
71
T/F After combining, grain is clean of residue
False
72
T/F Above-optimum moisture levels in seeds increase the rate of respiration
True
73
T/F Grain storage always improves grain quality
False
74
T/F The decision to dry grain crops artificially versus naturally can be dependent on energy prices
True
75
T/F Harvest forages generally contain mature seed
False
76
T/F Silage yields are usually up to 50% higher per acre than hay yields
True
77
T/F High cell wall content is associated with increased intake and digestibility
False
78
T/F Many modern beef and diary operations rely more on stored grains than on grazing to feed livestock
True
79
T/F The process of fermentation during silage production turns lactic acid into glucose
False
80
T/F Cotton is mature when the bolls begin to close
False
81
T/F Sugar content is the most important quality for sugar beets
False
82
T/F Potato size is the main determinant in harvesting
True
83
Corn is typically harvested at grain moisture levels of:
C. 25%
84
Soybean is typically harvested at grain moisture levels of
A. 13%
85
Swathing would most likely be a part of harvesting for which crop?
B. Oats
86
Manual harvesting of grains was first replaced by which machine?
B. Reaper
87
The minimum temperature for storage fungi growth is
C. 40 degrees
88
The most frequent cause of loss during grain storage is
B. Fungi
89
The loss of forage nutrients during harvest frequently can be up to:
B. 25%
90
Forage feeding value is described as:
A. Forage quality
91
Thorns would be categorized as which of the following
D. Antiquality factors
92
As the crop matures form vegetative to flowering stages, which of the following occurs?
D. Forage yield increases and forage quality decreases
93
The stocking rate is:
D. animals on pasture per acre
94
The leading hay crop in the United States is:
C. Alfalfa
95
Drying hay int he field takes about how many days
A. 1 to 5
96
What is the most important determinant of quality in a tobacco crop?
B. nicotine content
97
T/F Organic producers are allowed to use genetically modified organisms
False
98
T/F Organic agriculture promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and environmental stewardship
True
99
T/F about 10% of cropland in the United States is certified organic
False
100
T/F Organic farmers are inspected by governmental agencies for certification
True
101
T/F Organic food tends to be more expensive than conventionally produced food
True
102
T/F The term "natural" on a label is equivalent to "organic"
False
103
T/F the term "local" is regulated by the USDA
False
104
T/F An example of cultural weed control method is tillage
False
105
T/F One disadvantage to delayed planting is potentially lower yields
True
106
T/F Organic farmers choose either cultural or mechanical weed control to manage their weeds
False
107
T/F For organic crops that are used for human consumption, raw manure can be applied at any time during the growing season
False
108
Which of the following is allowed in organic agriculture?
D. compost
109
For how many years must land be without prohibited materials to be certified organic
C. 3
110
How often are certified organic farmers inspected
A. Once a year
111
In terms of organic sales, what are the two largest categories
C. Fruits/vegetables and dairy
112
The federal program that regulates organic agriculture in the United States is called
A. National Organic Program
113
The term "local" is defined by the Congress as food grown not father than which distance?
D. 400 miles
114
Yields in organic agriculture as compared to conventional agriculture tend to
C. Be equivalent
115
Which is considered to be one of the biggest challenges in organic production?
C. Weed control
116
A vigorously growing crop that is used to suppress weeds is called?
A. Smother crop
117
Primary tillage can be performed with which of the following?
D. Moldboard plow
118
Secondary tillage can be performed with which of the following?
C. Harrow
119
Which of the following weed control operations has the most potential to damage crops?
B. Broadcast cultivation
120
T/F Corn could not persist without human cultivation
True
121
T/F Some corn hybrids are adapted to grow in places with a growing season as short as 70 days
True
122
T/F Flour corn is most resistant to fungi and insects than is flint corn
False
123
T/F Most corn grown today is hybrid corn
True
124
T/F Wheat is adapted to warm tropical climates
False
125
T/F Soft wheat has a greater protein content compared to hard wheat
False
126
T/F Rice is very productive when grown under drier conditions
False
127
T/F Rice is a primary grain for over 50% of the world's population
True
128
T/F Wild rice is commonly used as a livestock feed
False
129
T/F Barley can be used as a substitute for wheat in making raised bread
False
130
T/F Oats are still valued as a feed for horses
True
131
T/F Sorghum ranks fourth in importance worldwide as human food crop after corn, rice, and wheat
True
132
T/F Rice in most of the world is cultivated using highly mechanized techniques
False
133
T/F Sweet sorghum is being investigated as an alternative biofuel
False
134
Based on acreage and economic value, which of the following crops is most important to the US?
D. Corn
135
On a corn plant, the male flowers are called?
B. the tassel
136
Which is the most widely grown corn type?
D. Dent
137
Which of the following corn types has very little starch?
C. Sweet
138
The leading use of corn is
A. as livestock feed
139
Which of the following crops is known as the "staff of life"
B. wheat
140
The number of tillers on a wheat plant typically ranges from
B. 3-5
141
Which type of flower is made by grinding the entire wheat grain
D. Whole wheat flower
142
Which of the following is used like a cereal grain but is actually a member of the Polygonaceae family?
A. Buckwheat
143
Wild rice is a
A. cool season annual plant
144
The two leading states for commercial wild rice production are
C. Minnesota and California
145
Which of the following grains is known for its cholesterol--lowering capability
A. Oats
146
Grain sorghum is produced primarily in which two state?
D. Kansas and Texas
147
Which of the following is commonly used as a winter crop?
C. Rye
148
Which of the following grains is adapted to high altitudes
b. Quinoa
149
Which of the following is a native grass with potential usage as a biofuel?
A. Swichgrass
150
Tall fescue toxicosis is due to which of the following?
D. a fungus in tall fesuce
151
T/F The first use of soybeans in North American was as a grain crop
False
152
T/F The largest producer of soybeans in the world is the United States
True
153
T/F The seed of cultivated soybeans is always yellow in color
False
154
T/F Determinant soybean varieties are generally grown in the southern states
False
155
T/F Soybeans do not require nitrogen fertilizer
True
156
T/F Peanuts are best adapted to temperate regions
False
157
T/F Alfalfa can have taproots as deep as 20ft
True
158
T/F Seed production of alfalfa is primarily in California and other western states
True
159
T/F Vetches are commonly grown in tropical regions as green manure crops
False
160
T/F Sweet clover was once commonly grown in tropical regions as green manure crops
True
161
T/F Benefits of using native legumes agronomically include natural adaptation and increasing diversity
true
162
T/F Most of the field pea production in the United States is used as dried peas for soup or for livestock feed
True
163
T/F Crimson clover is adapted to hot and dry conditions
False
164
How many maturity groups do soybeans have?
C. 13
165
Which of the following would be classified as a field bean?
A. Kidney Bean
166
Field beans are native to:
D. The Americans
167
Field beans need to be cooked because
C. The protein will be unavailable
168
Peanuts are native to:
D. South America
169
Which of the following is NOT generally used as a grain legume?
B. Alfalfa
170
Up to how many times can alfalfa be harvested in a season?
C. Five times
171
Which of the following is sown on more acres in the United States
B. Red clover
172
Which of the following has stolons?
A. White clover
173
For which of the following is best adapted to dry conditions?
D. Sainfoin
174
How much of the peanut crop produce in the United States is consumed as peanut butter?
D. 50%
175
Which of the following is NOT a typical color for field pea?
B. Brown
176
T/F Other plant families besides the grass and legume families have crops of economic importance
True
177
T/F Potatoes grow best in heavy clay soils
False
178
T/F Tobacco crops are generally not allowed to flower and produce seed
True
179
T/F The use of tobacco in its many forms can cause health problems such as lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and mouth cancers
True
180
T/F Sweet potatoes can be grown as perennials in tropical areas
True
181
T/F True yams have modified roots like sweet potatoes
True
182
T/F Sugar beets contain 50% sugar at harvest
False
183
T/F The fiber from cotton is always white
False
184
T/F Russain scientists were responsible for breeding for large heads and high seed production in sunflowers
True
185
T/F Tabacco growers take actions to promote flowing when growing tobacco
False
186
T/F Opium poppy is a source for legal and illegal drugs
True
187
White potatoes originated in
D. South Africa
188
Which of the following crops is NOT in the nightshade family?
A. sweet potato
189
The leading producer of sweet potatoes is
A. Asia
190
Tapioca is made of
D. Cassava
191
Which of the following is a native of North America?
C. Jerusalem artichoke
192
Taro is grown for which plant part?
B. Corms
193
Cassava is which of the following?
B. Perennial woody shrub
194
Seeds are produced in sugar beet in the
B. Second year
195
Plantains are which type of crop?
D. Starch crop
196
Opium poppy is grown for which plant parts?
A. Sap and seeds
197
Sugar cane is native to which of the following regions?
B. the South Pacific and India
198
The leading fiber crop in the world is
B. cotton
199
Where are the fibers of cotton found?
D. attached to the seeds
200
Where are the fibers in flax found?
A. In the stem
201
The cloth produced from flax is?
B. linen
202
Flax is which of the following?
A. cool season annual
203
Which of the following is NOT used as a fiber crop?
D. Sunflower
204
Which of the following is NOT an oil crop?
A. Cotton
205
Canola is which of the following?
A. Cool season annual
