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PS 103 > Crop Production - Final Exam > Flashcards

Crop Production - Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

T/F It is natural for weeds to fill empty niches in cropping systems

A

True

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2
Q

T/F Weeks can be classified by the environments in which they grow

A

True

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3
Q

T/F Crop plants are never weeds

A

False

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4
Q

T/F Biennial weeds flower in the first year

A

False

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5
Q

T/F Most dicots are easier to kill by cultivation than monocots

A

True

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6
Q

T/F A weed must be alive in order to demonstrate allopathic properties

A

False

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7
Q

T/F Over 95% of the corn, soybean, and cotton crops grown are treated with herbicides

A

True

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8
Q

T/F Weeds can interfere with harvesting equipment

A

True

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9
Q

T/F Animals do not have a significant role in weed dispersal

A

False

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10
Q

T/F Insecticides are used more than any other pesticide

A

False

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11
Q

T/F It is a violation of federal law to use an herbicide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling

A

True

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12
Q

T/F Selective herbicides affect almost all plants

A

False

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13
Q

T/F Different crop species select for different weed species

A

True

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14
Q

T/F A disadvantage of biological control is the possibility of affecting non-target species

A

True

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15
Q

T/F Tillage is an effective strategy of weed control regardless of weed species

A

False

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16
Q

T/F The main concern with atrazine is leaching and accumulation in surface and groundwater

A

True

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17
Q

A plant can be classified as a weed if it

A

D. All Answers are correct

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18
Q

Weeds that are especially injurious are classified by the government as

A

B. Noxious

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19
Q

The long-term persistence of a certain annual weed species is most likely due to:

A

C. High Seed Production

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20
Q

A weed that reproduces asexually is most likely

A

C. A perennial

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21
Q

Milk sickness is caused when people drink milk from cows who have consumed which weed?

A

D. White snakeroot

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22
Q

The first defense against weeds is:

A

A. Prevention of establishment

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23
Q

Which agency of the USDA is responsible for preventing the introduction of noxious weeds

A

B. APHIS

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24
Q

Which agency is responsible for approving new herbicides

A

A. EPA

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25
Q

In what year were genetically engineered crops first introduced?

A

C. 1996

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26
Q

Which type of ingredients are added to a herbicide formulation to facilitate application and handling or to increase activity?

A

B. Inert ingredient

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27
Q

LD50 is a measure of

A

B. Toxicity

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28
Q

The mode of action for glyphosate is

A

C. amino acid synthesis inhibitor

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29
Q

The mode of action for 2,4-D is

A

A. Growth regulator

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30
Q

The mode of action for atrazine is:

A

B. Photosynthesis inhibitor

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31
Q

Which type of herbicide is applied to foliage?

A

D. Contact

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32
Q

Which type of herbicide would be most useful on an established perennial weed

A

C. Systemic

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33
Q

Which would NOT be an appropriate strategy to prevent herbicide resistance?

A

B. Using extra herbicide

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34
Q

Grassy weeds would be easiest to control in which crop?

A

C. Soybeans

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35
Q

T/F Management of plant disease depends on whether the disease is biotic or abiotic

A

True

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36
Q

T/F The life cycle of a fungus can involve only one type of spore

A

False

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37
Q

T/F Mycelium is a symptom of fungal disease

A

False

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38
Q

T/F Scab is more likely to be a problem in dry, cool areas

A

False

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39
Q

T/F Smut can overwinter in soil, plant debris, and seed

A

True

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40
Q

T/F Most fungal agents that cause post harvest diseases are introduced to the affected seed after harvest

A

False

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41
Q

T/F Bacterial wilt of alfalfa is less an issue today because of resistant varieties

A

True

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42
Q

T/F Plant pathogenic viruses are generally composed of DNA enclosed in a protein case

A

False

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43
Q

T/F Viruses can enter the plant through the stomata

A

False

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44
Q

T/F Fungi can transmit viruses to a plant

A

True

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45
Q

T/F A method to control viral diseases is the use of pesticides

A

False

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46
Q

T/F Insects that damage pants all have mouthparts that pierce

A

False

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47
Q

T/F Many bactericides are copper-based

A

True

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48
Q

T/F Contact insecticides, once absorbed by the insect, attack the nerves and respiratory system

A

True

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49
Q

T/F UG99 stem rust has the potential to threaten 20% of the world’s food supply

A

True

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50
Q

The visual response by the plant to the pathogen is

A

A. a symptom

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51
Q

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic disease factor

A

A. Parasitic plant

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52
Q

Which of the following organisms reproduces by spores

A

C. Fungus

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53
Q

Rust diseases are caused by which group of fungi?

A

B. Basidiomycetes

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54
Q

Stem rust can have up to how many different spore stages?

A

C. five

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55
Q

Damping off affects which growth stage?

A

A. seedling

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56
Q

The disease associated with the Salem witch trials is:

A

D. Ergot

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57
Q

Leaf spots due to bacterial tend to be:

A

B. angular

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58
Q

Bacterial wilts occur when the bacteria invade the

A

D. Vascular system

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59
Q

Common and halo blight affect which crop species?

A

D. Beans

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60
Q

Vein cleaning is a symptom common in

A

A. Viral diseases

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61
Q

Which plant family does tobacco mosaic virus primarily infect?

A

B. Potato family

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62
Q

Aster yellows is caused by which group of organisms

A

D. mycoplasma-like organisms

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63
Q

Nematodes are a type of:

A

B. Roundworm

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64
Q

The best strategy for nematode control would be:

A

D. Crop rotation

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65
Q

The soybean cyst nematode caused damage by:

A

C. Feeding on roots

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66
Q

The corn ear worm feeds on what part of the corn?

A

C. Kernals

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67
Q

A potential biocontrol being evaluated for use on soybean aphid is which of the following?

A

B. Binodoxys communis

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68
Q

T/F A bushel of corn or soybean weighs 60 pounds

A

False

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69
Q

T/F Seeds at physiological maturity are dry enough for storage

A

False

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70
Q

T/F Generally when soybeans are harvested, the leaves have fallen of the plants

A

True

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71
Q

T/F After combining, grain is clean of residue

A

False

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72
Q

T/F Above-optimum moisture levels in seeds increase the rate of respiration

A

True

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73
Q

T/F Grain storage always improves grain quality

A

False

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74
Q

T/F The decision to dry grain crops artificially versus naturally can be dependent on energy prices

A

True

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75
Q

T/F Harvest forages generally contain mature seed

A

False

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76
Q

T/F Silage yields are usually up to 50% higher per acre than hay yields

A

True

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77
Q

T/F High cell wall content is associated with increased intake and digestibility

A

False

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78
Q

T/F Many modern beef and diary operations rely more on stored grains than on grazing to feed livestock

A

True

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79
Q

T/F The process of fermentation during silage production turns lactic acid into glucose

A

False

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80
Q

T/F Cotton is mature when the bolls begin to close

A

False

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81
Q

T/F Sugar content is the most important quality for sugar beets

A

False

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82
Q

T/F Potato size is the main determinant in harvesting

A

True

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83
Q

Corn is typically harvested at grain moisture levels of:

A

C. 25%

84
Q

Soybean is typically harvested at grain moisture levels of

A

A. 13%

85
Q

Swathing would most likely be a part of harvesting for which crop?

A

B. Oats

86
Q

Manual harvesting of grains was first replaced by which machine?

A

B. Reaper

87
Q

The minimum temperature for storage fungi growth is

A

C. 40 degrees

88
Q

The most frequent cause of loss during grain storage is

A

B. Fungi

89
Q

The loss of forage nutrients during harvest frequently can be up to:

A

B. 25%

90
Q

Forage feeding value is described as:

A

A. Forage quality

91
Q

Thorns would be categorized as which of the following

A

D. Antiquality factors

92
Q

As the crop matures form vegetative to flowering stages, which of the following occurs?

A

D. Forage yield increases and forage quality decreases

93
Q

The stocking rate is:

A

D. animals on pasture per acre

94
Q

The leading hay crop in the United States is:

A

C. Alfalfa

95
Q

Drying hay int he field takes about how many days

A

A. 1 to 5

96
Q

What is the most important determinant of quality in a tobacco crop?

A

B. nicotine content

97
Q

T/F Organic producers are allowed to use genetically modified organisms

A

False

98
Q

T/F Organic agriculture promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and environmental stewardship

A

True

99
Q

T/F about 10% of cropland in the United States is certified organic

A

False

100
Q

T/F Organic farmers are inspected by governmental agencies for certification

A

True

101
Q

T/F Organic food tends to be more expensive than conventionally produced food

A

True

102
Q

T/F The term “natural” on a label is equivalent to “organic”

A

False

103
Q

T/F the term “local” is regulated by the USDA

A

False

104
Q

T/F An example of cultural weed control method is tillage

A

False

105
Q

T/F One disadvantage to delayed planting is potentially lower yields

A

True

106
Q

T/F Organic farmers choose either cultural or mechanical weed control to manage their weeds

A

False

107
Q

T/F For organic crops that are used for human consumption, raw manure can be applied at any time during the growing season

A

False

108
Q

Which of the following is allowed in organic agriculture?

A

D. compost

109
Q

For how many years must land be without prohibited materials to be certified organic

A

C. 3

110
Q

How often are certified organic farmers inspected

A

A. Once a year

111
Q

In terms of organic sales, what are the two largest categories

A

C. Fruits/vegetables and dairy

112
Q

The federal program that regulates organic agriculture in the United States is called

A

A. National Organic Program

113
Q

The term “local” is defined by the Congress as food grown not father than which distance?

A

D. 400 miles

114
Q

Yields in organic agriculture as compared to conventional agriculture tend to

A

C. Be equivalent

115
Q

Which is considered to be one of the biggest challenges in organic production?

A

C. Weed control

116
Q

A vigorously growing crop that is used to suppress weeds is called?

A

A. Smother crop

117
Q

Primary tillage can be performed with which of the following?

A

D. Moldboard plow

118
Q

Secondary tillage can be performed with which of the following?

A

C. Harrow

119
Q

Which of the following weed control operations has the most potential to damage crops?

A

B. Broadcast cultivation

120
Q

T/F Corn could not persist without human cultivation

A

True

121
Q

T/F Some corn hybrids are adapted to grow in places with a growing season as short as 70 days

A

True

122
Q

T/F Flour corn is most resistant to fungi and insects than is flint corn

A

False

123
Q

T/F Most corn grown today is hybrid corn

A

True

124
Q

T/F Wheat is adapted to warm tropical climates

A

False

125
Q

T/F Soft wheat has a greater protein content compared to hard wheat

A

False

126
Q

T/F Rice is very productive when grown under drier conditions

A

False

127
Q

T/F Rice is a primary grain for over 50% of the world’s population

A

True

128
Q

T/F Wild rice is commonly used as a livestock feed

A

False

129
Q

T/F Barley can be used as a substitute for wheat in making raised bread

A

False

130
Q

T/F Oats are still valued as a feed for horses

A

True

131
Q

T/F Sorghum ranks fourth in importance worldwide as human food crop after corn, rice, and wheat

A

True

132
Q

T/F Rice in most of the world is cultivated using highly mechanized techniques

A

False

133
Q

T/F Sweet sorghum is being investigated as an alternative biofuel

A

False

134
Q

Based on acreage and economic value, which of the following crops is most important to the US?

A

D. Corn

135
Q

On a corn plant, the male flowers are called?

A

B. the tassel

136
Q

Which is the most widely grown corn type?

A

D. Dent

137
Q

Which of the following corn types has very little starch?

A

C. Sweet

138
Q

The leading use of corn is

A

A. as livestock feed

139
Q

Which of the following crops is known as the “staff of life”

A

B. wheat

140
Q

The number of tillers on a wheat plant typically ranges from

A

B. 3-5

141
Q

Which type of flower is made by grinding the entire wheat grain

A

D. Whole wheat flower

142
Q

Which of the following is used like a cereal grain but is actually a member of the Polygonaceae family?

A

A. Buckwheat

143
Q

Wild rice is a

A

A. cool season annual plant

144
Q

The two leading states for commercial wild rice production are

A

C. Minnesota and California

145
Q

Which of the following grains is known for its cholesterol–lowering capability

A

A. Oats

146
Q

Grain sorghum is produced primarily in which two state?

A

D. Kansas and Texas

147
Q

Which of the following is commonly used as a winter crop?

A

C. Rye

148
Q

Which of the following grains is adapted to high altitudes

A

b. Quinoa

149
Q

Which of the following is a native grass with potential usage as a biofuel?

A

A. Swichgrass

150
Q

Tall fescue toxicosis is due to which of the following?

A

D. a fungus in tall fesuce

151
Q

T/F The first use of soybeans in North American was as a grain crop

A

False

152
Q

T/F The largest producer of soybeans in the world is the United States

A

True

153
Q

T/F The seed of cultivated soybeans is always yellow in color

A

False

154
Q

T/F Determinant soybean varieties are generally grown in the southern states

A

False

155
Q

T/F Soybeans do not require nitrogen fertilizer

A

True

156
Q

T/F Peanuts are best adapted to temperate regions

A

False

157
Q

T/F Alfalfa can have taproots as deep as 20ft

A

True

158
Q

T/F Seed production of alfalfa is primarily in California and other western states

A

True

159
Q

T/F Vetches are commonly grown in tropical regions as green manure crops

A

False

160
Q

T/F Sweet clover was once commonly grown in tropical regions as green manure crops

A

True

161
Q

T/F Benefits of using native legumes agronomically include natural adaptation and increasing diversity

A

true

162
Q

T/F Most of the field pea production in the United States is used as dried peas for soup or for livestock feed

A

True

163
Q

T/F Crimson clover is adapted to hot and dry conditions

A

False

164
Q

How many maturity groups do soybeans have?

A

C. 13

165
Q

Which of the following would be classified as a field bean?

A

A. Kidney Bean

166
Q

Field beans are native to:

A

D. The Americans

167
Q

Field beans need to be cooked because

A

C. The protein will be unavailable

168
Q

Peanuts are native to:

A

D. South America

169
Q

Which of the following is NOT generally used as a grain legume?

A

B. Alfalfa

170
Q

Up to how many times can alfalfa be harvested in a season?

A

C. Five times

171
Q

Which of the following is sown on more acres in the United States

A

B. Red clover

172
Q

Which of the following has stolons?

A

A. White clover

173
Q

For which of the following is best adapted to dry conditions?

A

D. Sainfoin

174
Q

How much of the peanut crop produce in the United States is consumed as peanut butter?

A

D. 50%

175
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical color for field pea?

A

B. Brown

176
Q

T/F Other plant families besides the grass and legume families have crops of economic importance

A

True

177
Q

T/F Potatoes grow best in heavy clay soils

A

False

178
Q

T/F Tobacco crops are generally not allowed to flower and produce seed

A

True

179
Q

T/F The use of tobacco in its many forms can cause health problems such as lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and mouth cancers

A

True

180
Q

T/F Sweet potatoes can be grown as perennials in tropical areas

A

True

181
Q

T/F True yams have modified roots like sweet potatoes

A

True

182
Q

T/F Sugar beets contain 50% sugar at harvest

A

False

183
Q

T/F The fiber from cotton is always white

A

False

184
Q

T/F Russain scientists were responsible for breeding for large heads and high seed production in sunflowers

A

True

185
Q

T/F Tabacco growers take actions to promote flowing when growing tobacco

A

False

186
Q

T/F Opium poppy is a source for legal and illegal drugs

A

True

187
Q

White potatoes originated in

A

D. South Africa

188
Q

Which of the following crops is NOT in the nightshade family?

A

A. sweet potato

189
Q

The leading producer of sweet potatoes is

A

A. Asia

190
Q

Tapioca is made of

A

D. Cassava

191
Q

Which of the following is a native of North America?

A

C. Jerusalem artichoke

192
Q

Taro is grown for which plant part?

A

B. Corms

193
Q

Cassava is which of the following?

A

B. Perennial woody shrub

194
Q

Seeds are produced in sugar beet in the

A

B. Second year

195
Q

Plantains are which type of crop?

A

D. Starch crop

196
Q

Opium poppy is grown for which plant parts?

A

A. Sap and seeds

197
Q

Sugar cane is native to which of the following regions?

A

B. the South Pacific and India

198
Q

The leading fiber crop in the world is

A

B. cotton

199
Q

Where are the fibers of cotton found?

A

D. attached to the seeds

200
Q

Where are the fibers in flax found?

A

A. In the stem

201
Q

The cloth produced from flax is?

A

B. linen

202
Q

Flax is which of the following?

A

A. cool season annual

203
Q

Which of the following is NOT used as a fiber crop?

A

D. Sunflower

204
Q

Which of the following is NOT an oil crop?

A

A. Cotton

205
Q

Canola is which of the following?

A

A. Cool season annual

PS 103 (2 decks)

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