Crop Improvement Flashcards
What is crop improvement?
The genetic alteration of plants to satisfy human needs
This involves modifying the genetic makeup to enhance specific traits.
What are genetically modified crops?
Crops which have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally
GM crops are created through genetic engineering.
What is the purpose of transferring individual genes in GM crops?
To create biologically robust plants with enhanced durability or nutritional value
This process helps in improving crop characteristics.
What are some examples of GM crops?
- Corn (maize)
- Soybeans
- Cotton
These crops have been valuable to farmers due to their advantages.
What is Bacillus thuringiensis (BT)?
A naturally occurring soil bacteria that produces a crystal protein toxic to many pest insects
BT is used in pest control for GM crops.
What is one of the key advantages of GM crops?
Increased crop yield
This is crucial for food production and economic benefits.
List three benefits of GM crops.
- Improves the quality of produce/crops
- Ensures crops adapt to adverse climate
- Induces resistance to pests and diseases
These benefits contribute to sustainable agriculture.
What is one way GM crops reduce the need for pesticides?
By incorporating pest-resistant genes such as BT
This leads to lower chemical usage in agriculture.
Fill in the blank: GM crops can be produced that have known _______.
[allergens]
This ensures safety in food production.
What is a potential disadvantage of GMO foods?
Allergic reactions
There is a risk if genetic changes trigger allergen production.
True or False: GM crops can be engineered to grow in arid conditions.
True
This is achieved by introducing drought-resistant genes.
What are some of the economic advantages of GM crops?
- Reduced economic cost
- Less land for clearing
- Reduced pesticide usage
These factors contribute to more efficient farming practices.
What is a concern regarding the long-term effects of GMOs?
Changes in human DNA
This raises questions about the safety of consuming GM foods.
What is one of the nutritional benefits of GM crops?
Nutritional value of food can be improved (e.g., introducing proteins, vitamins, or vaccines)
This enhances food security and health.
List two potential health risks associated with GMOs.
- Cancer
- Toxicity for body organs
These risks require further scientific investigation.
