Cromwell and government, 1534-40

Question 1

What were the problems with the Royal Council?

Answer 1

• it could be dominated by one man (Eg wolsey)
• no guidelines to how it should be organised
• meetings and discussions not recorded
• decisions it made were not recorded
• it had nearly 100 members but many did not attend

Question 2

What was the Privy Council and who set it up

Answer 2

Cromwell created the Privy council - a simpler version of the Royal Council

• staffed by 20 professionals
• all meetings and decisions were recorded
  -legal status so had power to run england on kings behalf
• no corruption as members had similar expertise

Question 3

What did law did Cromwell introduce to unite the North of England with the rest?

Answer 3

1536 Franchises of Liberty Act

Question 4

What did the 1536 Act entail?

Answer 4

Abolished North franchises and liberties and the north came under strict royal control. The Council of the North (royal body government) strengthened and given permanent responsibility of maintaining law and order

Question 5

When was the Act of Union

Answer 5

1536

Question 6

What was the Act of Union 1536

Answer 6

Replaced Welsh laws with ENglish ones

Wales gained representation in the english parliament

Question 7

What was the Kings Chamber

Answer 7

Kings chamber was in charge of keeping track of Henry’s expenditure and income
-part of the Royal Household

Question 8

What were the problems with the Kings Chamber

Answer 8

• Henry didnt get involved as he found finance boring
• Accounts not properly checked
• couldnt cope with money from dissolution of monasteries

Question 9

When was the Court of Augmentations set up? (replaced kings chamber financial responsibilites alongisde other court)

Answer 9

1536

Question 10

What did the Court of Augmentations do?

Answer 10

Dealt with income and property seized by the state during the dissolution of monasteries. 1.3million pounds from dissolution

Question 11

When was the Court of the First Fruits and Tenths set up

Answer 11

1540

Question 12

What did the Court of First Fruits and Tenths 1540 do ?

Answer 12

Created to collect tax from the clergy (Church)

Henry could capture the Church’s payment to the pope

Question 13

What is a bureaucracy

Answer 13

government characterised by specialization of functions

Question 14

How did Cromwell begin to introduce an bureaucracy in England?

Answer 14

• each court recieved money from specific source of income and could only pay out money for specific reasons
• carefully checked each court to prevent corruption
• this meant Henry didnt have to be involved

Question 15

Why did the role of Parliament become more prominent from 1532?

Answer 15

Cromwell realised the radical changes it could make by changing laws. Seen in the Act of Restraint of Appeals 1533

Question 16

How did the amount of acts passed by parliament change across Henry VIII reign

Answer 16

first 22 years: 209 acts passed by parliament

1532-40: 333 acts passed

Question 17

How did Cromwell influence the Houses of Parliament

Answer 17

• he controlled the discussions that were present in parliament. This meant he could put his own proposals/ideas forward.
• he was an experienced MP so could take part in House of Common discussions
• skilled lawyer, he knew how to write laws that would be voted for in parliament

Question 18

How did Henry VIII influence the Houses of Parliament

Answer 18

-visit and intimidate (eg to supporters of catherine of aragon who opposed Act of Annates 1532)

Question 19

What was “King in Parliament”

Answer 19

name given to the fact that parliament had power on par with the Kings

Question 20

Royal income change 1530-47

Answer 20

1530: 100,000/year
1547: 240,000/year