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Crm 306 > CRM 306 > Flashcards

CRM 306 Flashcards

STUDY FOR FINAL

1
Q

What is one key characteristic of the inmate code?
A. Respect for correctional staff
B. Prohibition of snitching
C. Encouragement of rehabilitation
D. Advocacy for policy reform

A

B

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2
Q

Which legislation governs the treatment of federally sentenced offenders in Canada?
A. Corrections and Conditional Release Act
B. Inmate Rights Act
C. Prison Management Act
D. Sentencing Reform Act

A

A

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3
Q

What is the central argument of deprivation theory in relation to inmate behaviour?
A. Inmate behaviour is shaped primarily by pre-prison experiences.
B. Inmates adapt to prison life due to the restrictive conditions of incarceration.
C. Behaviour in prison reflects individual personality traits.
D. Prison environments encourage violent behaviour.

A

B

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4
Q

According to research, what is a key contributing factor to prison riots?
A. Increased parole approvals
B. Lack of prison programs
C. Poor relationships among staff
D. Overcrowded living conditions

A

D

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5
Q

What is the primary goal of conditional release in Canada?
A. To reduce incarceration rates
B. To promote public safety and offender reintegration
C. To ensure compliance with federal sentencing laws
D. To minimize prison operating costs

A

B

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6
Q

What is the term for an inmate’s early release based on a decision by the Parole Board of Canada?
A. Mandatory release
B. Discretionary release
C. Judicial release
D. Statutory release

A

B

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7
Q

What is one identified barrier to successful reintegration for newly released offenders?
A. Difficulty accessing healthcare
B. Lack of familiarity with modern technology
C. Inadequate family support
D. All of the above

A

D

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8
Q

How do Circles of Support and Accountability (COSAs) enhance public safety?
A. By providing employment opportunities to offenders
B. By reducing the likelihood of reoffending
C. By isolating offenders from their communities
D. By monitoring parole officers’ decisions

A

B

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9
Q

What is a common coping mechanism correctional officers use to manage stress on the job?
A. Emotional detachment
B. Increased collaboration with inmates
C. Extensive use of recreation time
D. Early retirement programs

A

A

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10
Q

What is a common outcome of the “code of silence” among correctional staff?
A. Increased staff unity
B. Reduced accountability
C. Enhanced safety for inmates
D. Greater collaboration with administration

A

B

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11
Q

Which group is responsible for ensuring compliance with inmate rights in federal institutions?
A. Correctional Service Canada
B. The Supreme Court of Canada
C. The Human Rights Tribunal
D. Provincial Justice Ministries

A

A

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12
Q

What is a major focus of prison classification systems?
A. Increasing efficiency in prison operations
B. Assigning inmates to appropriate housing and programs
C. Reducing the costs of inmate management
D. Enhancing opportunities for parole

A

B

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13
Q

What is a common critique of the deprivation model in understanding prison culture?
A. It overlooks the influence of staff-inmate dynamics.
B. It assumes all inmates have the same background.
C. It minimizes the role of pre-prison behaviours.
D. It overemphasizes individual choice in behaviour.

A

C

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13
Q

Research suggests which of the following inmates is most likely to be victimized in prison?
A. Those convicted of violent crimes
B. Those with higher levels of education
C. Younger and physically smaller inmates
D. Older inmates nearing release

A

C

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14
Q

Which term describes the process by which offenders work to convince parole board members they are ready for release?
A. Parole preparation
B. Decision-making influence
C. Stacking the parole deck
D. Structured reintegration

A

C

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15
Q

What is one common condition of parole in Canada?
A. Abstaining from alcohol and drug use
B. Maintaining employment
C. Weekly reporting to a parole officer
D. All of the above

A

D

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16
Q

What is one of the major criticisms of parole decision-making processes?
A. They prioritize offender needs over public safety.
B. They rely on subjective judgments.
C. They are entirely data-driven with no room for flexibility.
D. They do not allow for victim input.

A

B

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17
Q

Which group is most likely to experience difficulties reintegrating into society after incarceration?
A. Offenders with mental health challenges
B. Offenders convicted of minor property crimes
C. Older offenders with extensive community ties
D. Offenders with strong family support systems

A

A

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18
Q

What is a collateral consequence of incarceration for many offenders?
A. Increased reliance on government services
B. Loss of voting rights
C. Strained family relationships
D. All of the above

A

D

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19
Q

Which is a key goal of reintegration programs?
A. Ensuring long-term incarceration for repeat offenders
B. Reducing recidivism through community support
C. Isolating offenders from high-risk environments
D. Monitoring former inmates indefinitely

A

B

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20
Q

Which of the following best describes the dual role of correctional officers?
A. Maintaining security and enforcing rehabilitation programs
B. Punishing inmates and ensuring institutional compliance
C. Balancing institutional security and inmate well-being
D. Supporting administrative staff and training inmates

A

C

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21
Q

What is a potential risk of correctional officers forming close relationships with inmates?
A. Increased physical altercations
B. Compromised professionalism and security
C. Reduced staff morale
D. Greater likelihood of inmate escapes

A

B

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22
Q

What is the primary focus of the “principle of least eligibility” in corrections?
A. Limiting inmate access to rehabilitative programs
B. Ensuring inmates receive only the minimum standard of living
C. Providing correctional officers with better working conditions than inmates
D. Ensuring that inmates’ rights are prioritized

A

B

23
Q

What has research indicated about correctional officer stress?
A. It is primarily caused by conflicts with administration.
B. It is more pronounced among senior staff members.
C. It stems from balancing the expectations of inmates and the institution.
D. It has little impact on their decision-making abilities.

A

C

24
Q

What is one way correctional institutions attempt to foster staff-inmate relations?
A. Rotating correctional officers between facilities regularly
B. Encouraging officers to engage in conflict resolution strategies
C. Reducing opportunities for inmate socialization
D. Assigning officers only to administrative duties

A

B

25
Q

According to importation theory, what contributes most to the development of inmate behaviour?
A. Institutional policies and procedures
B. External societal influences brought into the prison
C. The restrictive nature of prison environments
D. Peer relationships developed in custody

A

B

26
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of the inmate code?
A. Cooperation with prison authorities
B. Opposition to staff directives
C. Solidarity and loyalty among inmates
D. Emphasis on personal rehabilitation

A

C

27
Q

What is a common trigger for institutional violence in Canadian prisons?
A. Reduced parole hearings
B. Disputes over contraband
C. Staff involvement in inmate conflicts
D. Segregation of vulnerable inmates

A

B

28
Q

What is the central premise of the deprivation theory?
A. Prisoners act out due to a lack of pre-existing social skills.
B. Behavioural changes result from the restrictive conditions of incarceration.
C. Inmate culture arises independently of the institutional environment.
D. Rehabilitation can only occur under minimal deprivation.

A

B

29
Q

What is one recommended strategy for reducing violence in overcrowded institutions?
A. Increasing inmate work opportunities
B. Hiring more correctional officers
C. Improving access to educational programs
D. Expanding physical space within institutions

A

D

30
Q

What is the primary purpose of statutory release?
A. To reduce prison overcrowding
B. To allow offenders to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community
C. To ensure offenders demonstrate full rehabilitation
D. To bypass the need for parole hearings

A

B

31
Q

What is the difference between parole and statutory release?
A. Parole is granted by the Parole Board, while statutory release is automatic by law.
B. Statutory release is based on behaviour, while parole is a fixed condition of sentencing.
C. Parole is mandatory, while statutory release is discretionary.
D. Statutory release applies only to provincial offenders.

A

A

32
Q

What is a primary factor considered by the Parole Board when granting parole?
A. The offender’s prior criminal record
B. The offender’s potential for reintegration into society
C. The offender’s educational background
D. The number of years already served

A

B

33
Q

What is the term for an offender’s failure to comply with their conditional release conditions?
A. Parole breach
B. Statutory violation
C. Community infraction
D. Conditional failure

A

A

34
Q

What is a key criticism of statutory release?
A. It places undue stress on parole officers.
B. It prioritizes offender rights over public safety.
C. It does not allow for supervision.
D. It offers no benefits for offender reintegration.

A

B

35
Q

What is one primary challenge faced by newly released offenders during reintegration?
A. Lack of affordable housing
B. Limited access to parole officers
C. Restrictions on family contact
D. Mandatory community service requirements

A

A

36
Q

What is one advantage of community-based programs for offender reintegration?
A. They are less expensive than incarceration.
B. They completely eliminate recidivism.
C. They minimize the need for correctional staff.
D. They ensure offenders remain isolated.

A

A

37
Q

What role do Circles of Support and Accountability (COSAs) play in community corrections?
A. Enhancing surveillance of high-risk offenders
B. Providing emotional and practical support to reintegrating offenders
C. Ensuring offenders comply with all court-ordered conditions
D. Facilitating employment opportunities for offenders

A

B

38
Q

What is a common consequence of “the pains of re-entry”?
A. Involvement in substance abuse
B. Difficulties in navigating daily life tasks
C. Increased rates of violent behaviour
D. Lack of access to legal representation

A

B

39
Q

What is a major indicator of successful reintegration?
A. Steady employment
B. Reduced dependency on social services
C. Maintenance of strong community ties
D. All of the above

A

D

40
Q

What is a downside of correctional officers’ code of behaviour,
which provides a mechanism for coping with the demands of both
inmates and the prison administration?
A. the code of silence
B. the code of deception
C. the code of distrust
D. the code of suspicion

A

A

41
Q

Which legislation recognizes inmate rights?
A. Ontario Bill of Rights
B. Charter of Rights and Freedoms
C. Criminal Code of Canada
D. Correctional Service Canada Act

A

B

42
Q

Which theory proposes that the inmate social system develops as a
consequence of pre-prison attitudes and behaviours that inmates bring into the
institution?
A. deprivation theory
B. modelling theory
C. punitive justice theory
D. importation theory

A

D

43
Q

What does research evidence reveal about violence and exploitation in prison?
A. Older inmates commit a disproportionate number of prison assaults.
B. Poor inmates are no more likely to be victimized than wealthy inmates.
C. Inmates convicted of murder account for a disproportionate share of prison
violence.
D. Prison assaults are disproportionately committed in institutions that are
overcrowded.

A

D

44
Q

An inmate who is applying for conditional release intends to lie about
addressing issues they know the board will ask about in order to improve
their chances of being granted release. What is this an example of?
A. stacking the parole deck
B. “besting” the board members
C. manipulating the decision-makers
D. playing the parole “game”

A

D

45
Q

What term refers to the mandatory conditional release of a federal
offender by law, and is NOT a decision made by the Parole Board of
Canada?
A. statutory release
B. earned release
C. parole exemption
D. non-applicable release

A

A

46
Q

Which concept is exemplified when a newly released offender finds
grocery shopping and taking the bus to be overwhelming and difficult?
A. the pains of re-entry
B. the challenges of parole
C. the rituals of reintegration
D. the collateral effects of confinement

A

A

47
Q

What has research evidence revealed about the use and
effectiveness of circles of support and accountability (COSAs)?
A. Women offenders benefit more from COSAs than male offenders.
B. COSAs have limited support among agency personnel and participants.
C. Indigenous offenders benefit more from COSAs than non-Indigenous
offenders.
D. COSA participants have lower general recidivism rates than non-
participants.

A

D

48
Q

Community _ is a _ aspect of _ , as it aims to reduce _ and support successful _ from incarceration to _. According to Griffiths and Murdon, Successful _ requires addressing practical _ such as securing _, _, and _.

A

Community reintegration is a critical aspect of corrections, as it aims to reduce recidivism and support successful transitions from incarceration to society. According to Griffiths and Murdon, Successful reintegration requires addressing practical challenges such as securing housing, employment, and access to mental health or addiction services

49
Q

Correctional Services also face the task of repairing bonds that have been severed by incarceration: Public

A

Reintegration must address public concerns about safety and stigma, which can hinder community support for offenders

50
Q

Correctional Services also face the task of repairing bonds that have been severed by incarceration: Victims

A

Restorative justice programs are essential to repair relationships and provide closure for victims

51
Q

Correctional Services also face the task of repairing bonds that have been severed by incarceration: Offenders

A

Rehabilitation programs focusing on accountability, skills and support

52
Q

Research highlights the negative effects of imprisonment, parole, and reintegration on various groups: Individuals

A

Incarceration can lead to mental health
challenges, social isolation, and barriers making it more difficult

53
Q

Research highlights the negative effects of imprisonment, parole, and reintegration on various groups: Families

A

Often face financial strain, emotional stress, and disrupted relationships due to incarceration

54
Q

Research highlights the negative effects of imprisonment, parole, and reintegration on various groups: Communities

A

High rates of incarceration can destabilize neighbourhoods,
reduce social cohesion, perpetuate cycles of poverty and crime

55
Q

TED TALK: Restorative Justice (VASH)

A

Highlights how communities with programs thrive. Focuses on VASH - victim centered, accountability, strengthen community ties, healing

Crm 306 (2 decks)

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