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CRJU201 > CRJU201 - History of punishment > Flashcards

CRJU201 - History of punishment Flashcards

1
Q

In Medieval times Punishment was aimed through:

A

Physical punishment through the absolute power of the sovereign and the judgement of god

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2
Q

The first prison in London that was built? And what year?

A

The tower of London in 1078 (Mainly used to hold people for execution)

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3
Q

What year were the houses of corrections made in england? What were they known as?

A

1556, Known as Bridewells

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4
Q

Why was Correctional Houses built around the 1500s era (3 answers)

A
  1. The Modernisation of the time (The enlightenment).
  2. The economic power shift from rural to urban society.
  3. The migration that followed the power shift = slums and crime
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5
Q

What was the principal punishment in the 18th century?

A

Execution

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6
Q

What is the Enlightenment?

A

The Age of reason

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7
Q

Who were the 4 influences in the age of enlightenment?

A
  1. Thomas Hobbes
  2. Charles Montesuieu
  3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  4. Cesare Beccaria
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8
Q

Who developed the idea of the social contract?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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9
Q

Charles Montesquieu aimed to create what democratic principle

A

The separation of powers (A principle that allows judicial powers/ goverments to be independent.)

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10
Q

Who is the believer of peace and harmony?

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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11
Q

Cesare Beccaria was known through?

A

His utilitarian principles on how to deal with criminals: Restore the reason and Morality of a criminal

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12
Q

When were hangings stopped for public view

A

1833

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13
Q

Where were convicts shipped to (The routes of shipping)? Years of transportation?

A

England to America 1618 - 1776

England to Australia 1787 - 1867

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14
Q

Who surveyed prisons in England and Wales?

A

John Howard

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15
Q

What did John Howard do to prisons in England and Wales?

A

Improved the state of prisons

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16
Q

Who was influenced by Beccaria reason on morality for prisoners

A

Jeremy Bentham

17
Q

How did Jeremy Bentham create a Morality approach to criminals in prison?

A

He designed the Panopticon in 1789. A prison that kept prisoners in solitary confinement. This would only allow them to think about there own actions

18
Q

Where were Panopticons built? And the year period they were built?

A

Stateville and Illiinois

1916 -1924

19
Q

What is the Penitentiary prison and where was it built?

A

Penitentiary prison focuses on Penitence (Repent).
Constructed in Pennsylvania 1829
E.g Cherry Hill

20
Q

The four themes of penitentiary prisons?

A

Solitude, silence, reflection, repentance.

21
Q

The two prison systems that the U.S. created

A

The Separate System

The Silent System

22
Q

Types of U.S prisons developed (The Structure)

A

Radial-style prisons
Telegraph pole (Made for silent prisons)
The Big House

23
Q

The Alternative prison in London that used a radial design? Why was it so different

A

Pentonville Prison: All prisoners had Leather masks preventing them from recognising one another and were forbidden to speak.

24
Q

What was Edmund du Cane known for?

A

Reforming England’s punishment system to one that was based on punitive deterrence, meaningless work, and harsh discipline.

25
Q

Edmund du Cane was the prison commissioner between what years?

A

1863-1893.

26
Q

Who replaced Edmund du Cane? What year?

A

Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, 1895

27
Q

What did Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise try and achieve when he was the Chairman of the Prison Commission?

A

He attempted to make prisons truly reformative by introducing trade training and meaningful work.

28
Q

How did Māori punish ‘criminals’?

A

Technically they didnt, they aimed to use utu for balance in society (Remember Tapu and Noa)

29
Q

Were Māori subjected to British law before 1840?

A

Only if they were living in large settler colonies.

30
Q

What happened to all offenders post treaty signings?

A

They were sent to Australia for imprisonment

31
Q

What was the first known enforcement association in New Zealand? Year of establishment?

A

Kororareka Association; 1838

32
Q

Who created Centralisation in New Zealand? And what does it involve?

A

Captain Arthur Hume:

Centralisation = The management of prisons in NZ

33
Q

The first prisons built in NZ were/where? (4 prisons between 1880 - 1906)
Who commissioned the prisons?

A
  1. Mt Cook Prison, Wellington, Commissioned in 1882
  2. New Plymouth Prison 1886
  3. Invercargill Prison 1910
  4. Mount Eden Prison
    Arthur Hume
34
Q

Mt Eden Prison was influenced by what country and type of prison?

A

Influenced by the English and the victorian era.

Its a maximum-security prison

35
Q

Who modernised prisons from 1906

A

Sir John Findlay

CRJU201 (3 decks)

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