Chicago Flashcards
When was Chicago founded
1833
What was the average growth of population in Chicago by day
101 people per day
When did Chicago reach a population of 1 million people
1890
What events change the behaviour of people already living in Chicago (The 3 main events before 1900s)
The great Chicago fire
The First steel skyscraper
The end of slavery
What was the ‘consequence’ of the great Chicago fire
The fire destroyed around 3.3 square miles of the city, resulting in the city being rebuilt
The end of slavery affected Chicago in what way
Ex-Slaves who were poor moved into the slums of the city
Why did so many immigrants come to live in Chicago
To prosper in a new country whilst living in a new urban environment
When did the University of Chicago open?
1892
What did the sociology department in Chicago explore?
The social ecology of people in Chicago
What is social ecology
The study of how individuals interact with and respond to the environment around them (e.g: The slums)
True or false: The school of sociology was developed in the same year as when the University opened
True
When was the first book of sociology created
1921
What did the first book of sociology focus on?
It was an introduction to sociology AND focused on social problems of the time
Why did crime grow in Chicago post 1900’s
There are 5
- The end of WW1
- European immigrants
- The changing social conditions in the city
- Areas in the suburbs with large ethnic diversity
- The ban of alcohol
When was the ban on alcohol introduced
1919
What was one of the main societal concerns around the 1920s
The prejudicial conflict of immigrants arriving into the city.
What were the consequences of the significant amount of people migrating into Chicago during the 1920s (3 main events).
- A surge in kkk resulting in lynchings
- High Gang activity including the Mafia
- Fundamentalist Christianity took off
What were the main reasons for crime to occur in the city? (There are 3)
Rising tensions in the slums because of multiple ethnicities
Legal activities becoming illegal
Organised crime began to fill the demand for banned substances
Why did the gangs surge in the 1920s?
They became the main runners of alcohol and other organised crime goods. Allowing them to thrive economically and socially
What was a significant event that gangs were involved in
The St Valentines Day Massacre in 1929.
The Machine gunning of several Irish gangs stealing alcohol from Al Capone
What were the important theories that came out of the Chicago school of sociology? (There are 5 not including Differential)
- Social disorganisation theory
- Routine Activities theory
- Social learning theory
- Social structure theory
- Cultural transmission theory
What is Social disorganisation theory
It is the study of social problems that relate to urbanisation, race relations, and crime.
What is Routine Activities theory
The idea of rational choice and outweighing the cost with the benefits. If there is a: •A likely offender •A suitable target •The absence of a capable guardian Then a crime will occur
How does Social Disorganization and Routine Activities theories relate
They relate to how specific places with high levels of crime differ from those with little crime
e.g Poor area in Chicago = large variety of ethnicities + The absence of a capable guardian = the 2 theories
Who was the first creator of social learning theory
Aker
What is social learning theory?
The idea that people’s places in the socioeconomic structure influence their chances of becoming a criminal.
What is the main ideology behind Akers social learning theory?
The individual is the micro and is trying to compete with the macro (social structure and the environment)
What is Cultural Transmission Theories
It focuses on the ideas that form values and beliefs that differ from conventional ideas
What is interactionalism
How people relate to one another (Micro interaction)
What is Micro sociology
The study of how individuals interact
What is Macro sociology
The study of how the environment interacts
Who was the creator of Interactionalism
Georg Simmel (Before Chicago)
How does interactionalism relate to Chicago
Interactionalism was explored through the school of Chicago leading them to discover greater sociological theories
What did Ernest Burgess identify with social disorganisation theory?
He identified that there was a transition zone, where people are mostly subjected to:
- Residential instability
- Racial heterogeneity
- Poverty
Who Created the concentric zone model? What theory does it associate to?
Ernest Burgess
Social disorganisation theory
