CRJ 105 Test CHP 1-3 Flashcards
This is the violation of the laws of a society by a person or a group of people who are subject to the laws of that society.
Crime
This kind of crime includes interpersonal violence and property crime.
Street crime
C. Wright Mills urges the use of this to examine issues while removed from our social location.
Sociological imagination
This consists of the rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms.
Social Control
This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct.
Justice
This is a state or federal institution that confines people convicted of a crime who are serving sentences for longer than a year.
Prison
This social institution controls crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating, and punishing and/or rehabilitating people who break the law.
Criminal justice
The suspension of all or part of a sentence is subject to certain conditions and supervision in the community.
Probation
To administer a legal process of judging and to pronounce a judgment.
Adjudicate
Four factors challenge the transition to greater cooperation among law enforcement agencies. Which is not one of these?
All individual agencies organize their policies and operations in exactly the same way.
This criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system.
Crime control model
This criminal justice model describes the expectation of a just and fair criminal justice system.
Due process model
According to the wedding cake model of criminal justice, what does the top layer represent?
Celebrated cases
According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the second layer represent?
Serious felonies
According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent?
Misdemeanors
These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison.
Felonies
In society, which of these dictate what is acceptable and what is punished?
Laws
These offenses include drug use, disturbing the peace, drunkenness, prostitution, and some forms of gambling.
Public-order Crime
The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear
Robbery
Behaviors that are deemed undesirable because they offend community standards rather than directly harm people or property.
Victimless crime
This criminal offense is committed during the course of business for financial gain.
White-collar crime
This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year.
misdemeanor
This is the murder of three or more people in a single incident.
Mass murder
is the use or threat of violence against a state or other political entity in order to coerce.
Terrorism
Police officers, prosecutors, judges, and corrections officials use this to decide what to do with individual cases.
Discretion
What is a logistical obstacle to measuring crime effectively and efficiently?
All of the above
Criminologists use this term to refer to instances when a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.
Victim precipitation
Sutton breaks into a house when the owner is away and looks for valuable items to steal. However, he does not find anything worth taking and leaves. The owner returns later and does not notice anything amiss, nor even realize the house was entered. How will Sutton’s offense be recorded?
The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime.
Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime?
Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement.
Why does the National Crime Victimization Survey not account for successfully completed drug transactions?
The buyers do not consider themselves crime victims.
this is the most extensive and useful measure of crime available.
Uniform Crime Reports
Which choice best describes the sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports?
Unintentional and intentional
What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called?
Crime rate
This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same incident.
National Incident-Based Reporting System
Deborah’s cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research?
Victimization survey
How many offenses are never reported to police?
About 80 percent
In a high school class, a researcher hands out questionnaires that ask the students to identify any criminal offenses they have committed. Which term best describes this type of research?
Self-report study
Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense?
The victim may have committed the offense.
This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.
Uniform Crime Reports
How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault?
Violent crimes
How does the FBI currently classify arson?
Property crime
The advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR is that it allows law enforcement to precisely identify_____.
All of the above
Which group of people is not included in considerations of victimization?
All of the above may be included
For rape and sexual assault victims, the criminal justice process is often described this way.
The second victimization
Which is not included in the typical definition of elder abuse?
The victim is not dependent on a caregiver
Children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims.
From birth to age 3
Research has shown that children who are physically abused are at a greater risk for this.
All of the above
After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity?
Victim-impact statement
In 2015, Albuquerque, N.M., with a population of 905,803, reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate?
793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
In 2015, Yakima, Wash., with a population of 249,480, reported 8,825 property offenses. What was the property crime rate?
3,537 property offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
written on an ancient stone tablet, this collection of over 250 laws covered a wide range of issues.
Code of Hammurabi
Laws must be _____.
All of the above
This major English document contributed to U.S. law.
Magna Carta
This is sometimes called case law, judiciary law, or unwritten law.
Tort law
Legislatures enact this type of law.
Statutory law
In legal terminology, this is the state of a child who has not yet reached the specified age to be considered an adult.
Infancy
Common law is based on this.
Precedent
Which issue guides precedent?
All of the above
What is the legal principle in which courts are bound by the decisions of previous courts called?
Stare decisis
What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called?
Bill Of Rights
This type of law covers personal wrongs and damage and includes libel, slander, assault, trespass, and negligence.
Tort law
This legal principle states that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense.
Double jeopardy
According to this Amendment, “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise, infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury…”
Fifth Amendment
This writ is issued to bring a party before the court.
Habeas corpus
Which is one of the three criteria used to determine what behaviors are made criminal?
All of the above
This type of law sets forth what behaviors are defined as crimes.
Substantive
This type of law prescribes the methods for the enforcement and use of the law.
Procedural
This type of law comes from judicial decisions and requires judges to consider how previous cases dealt with similar issues.
Case law
This type of offense includes murder, rape, assault, larceny, and arson.
Felony
Usually, the maximum incarceration for this type of offense is up to one year in jail.
Misdemeanor
An example of this type of offense is conspiracy.
Inchoate offense
Actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence constitute this.
Corpus delicti
What does mens rea mean?
Guilty mind
This defense attempts to give physical or psychological reasons that a defendant cannot comprehend his or her criminal actions, their harm(s), or their punishment.
Insanity defense
This type of offense tends to involve offenses in which the public’s welfare is at issue.
Strict liability
