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Philosophy of religion > critiques and post modern > Flashcards

critiques and post modern Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Marx’s critique

A

sociological critique

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2
Q

why is religion bad for Marx

A

religion is bad from society’s point of view

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3
Q

why is religion bad for society for Marx (3)

A

religion exists to oppress people e.g. sinners

religion is an opiate, it keeps the working class under control;

allows hierarchy to pass through the monarchy, divine right of kings, no access to power for others

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4
Q

what is Marx’s critique of religion to do with alienation (3)

A

alienation is more extreme under capitalism, workers don’t own what they produce

no freedom to influence company, workers are stuck doing repetitive actions and opiate exists to stop workers speaking out

similar to religion, offers not solution to those in poverty

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5
Q

what is Marx’s critique of religion to do with religion as a distraction (4)

A
  • focuses on promise of after life, not here and now, which is a distraction
  • doesn’t focus on happiness or pain currently being felt
  • created alienation derived from suffering
  • doesn’t solve suffering, just offers support
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6
Q

what is Marx’s critique of religion to do with abolishment of religion (3)

A

society would be more equal, communism

everyone owns everything equally

religion would play no part and would not need to be an opiate for the people

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7
Q

quote about religion from Marx

A

religion is the sign of the oppressed creature,
the heart of the heartless world
and the soul of soulless conditions
it is the opium of the people

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8
Q

what are two strengths of Marx

A

liberal
caters to all the classes

focuses on the now and equality

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9
Q

what are two weaknesses of Marx

A

religion is not necessarily an instrument of oppression, e.g. liberation theology

early church aimed to help the poor

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10
Q

what is Freud’s critique

A

psychological critique

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11
Q

what is religious belief for freud

A

psychological construct

religion is an illusion based on wish fulfilment and a reaction against helplessness

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12
Q

what does the human mind do in terms of religion for freud

A

human mind creates religious beliefs and images to satisfy longings and desires

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13
Q

what does the mind contain in terms of religion for freud

A

mind contains unconscious parts we can’t normally access, but could
e.g. later surface as a neurotic illness

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14
Q

what is religion a symptom of for freud

A

religion is a neurotic symptom being channelled out

‘universal obsessional neurosis’

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15
Q

what is religion like for freud and how

A

like obsessive rituals
people with neurosis may feel guilty if not performing them
religious people perform rituals and feel guilty if not

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16
Q

father idea from freud (4)

A

repressed trauma is invariably sexual in nature

religion needs derive from longing for a father - Oedipus complex

the mind keeps in the unconscious and represses children’s desires to have sexual relations with parent of opposite sex

and hatred towards parent of same sex with sexual access

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17
Q

helpless idea from freud

A

children feel helpless in the face of danger

mankind crave protection from dangers within themselves and external world
e.g. justice in an unjust society, life after death

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18
Q

quote about religion from freud

A

a bottom god is nothing more than an exhausted father

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19
Q

strength of freud

A

initial ideas were revolutionary, parts make sense

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20
Q

4 weaknesses of freud

A

manipulated evidence

oedipus/Electra complex excludes homosexuality etc, heteronormative

oedipus complex theory has been discredited

no evidence against God

21
Q

what is Dawkins’ critique

A

Atheism

22
Q

what is Dawkins’ stance on religion

A

strong militant atheist

anti-religion, thinks it’s dangerous and disruptive

23
Q

what is weak atheism

A

absence in belief of God

24
Q

what is agnostic

A

not enough evidence to prove existence

25
Q

what is confusing for Dawkins

A

the word ‘God’ is confusing, means different things for different people

26
Q

argument about danger from Dawkins

A

religion leads to violence

believers feel threatened by criticisms, leads to violence and irrational actions

27
Q

why does Dawkins criticise agnosticism

A

clear evidence for God not existing
religion is the enemy of science
if science were to explain away miracles, religion wouldn’t exist

28
Q

why does Dawkins criticise arguments for the existence of God

A

proving God’s existence is no more than a word game

evolution cancels out the idea of intelligent design

29
Q

quote about religion from Dawkins

A

when one suffers from a delusion, it is called insanity

when many people suffer from a delusion, it is called a religion

30
Q

what is a strength of Dawkins

A

favours actual evidence, violence e.g. crusades

31
Q

what is a weakness of Dawkins

A

scientific fundamentalism, thinks science can just replace religion
doesn’t always cause violence
e.g. pacifism of Quakers

32
Q

what do post modern thinkers reject

A

post modern thinkers reject any assumption that an objective scientific understanding of reality is possible

33
Q

what is reality for post modern thinkers

A

a reflection of human understanding
human mind creates personal reality
reality is an interpretation

34
Q

problem of valid reality for PM thinkers

A

any explanation of reality that is valid for all groups/times/cultures is therefore not valid
truth is relative to each person or to particular groups

35
Q

what’s suspicious for post modern thinkers

A

any claim to absolute truth is suspicious
atheism is just as untenable as theism
unsupportive of religion

36
Q

what is a weakness of untenable religious views for all

A

doesn’t allow for many views
even science uses faith
some scientific theories have been doubted a lot
not absolute truth?

37
Q

what is religion for post modern thinkers 5

A 
religion is a cultural phenomena we create in our own mind
doesn't exist as a truth
'metanarrative' - Lyotard
this somewhat allows for religion
argue for pluralism
38
Q

what are post modern thinkers suspicious of, overview (3) + s & 2w

A

suspicious of religious institutions rather than personal beliefs and practice
belief is personal presence not based on objective standards or moral absolutes
no right to wrong, religions are just cultural constructs
s respectful of multitude of views
w dilutes religion
doesn’t give religious views any integrity - undermines authority

39
Q

strength of defence of religious belief

A

religious belief is part of the human psyche to look for explanations

a shared natural idea to wonder why the universe was caused/created

40
Q

weakness of defence of religious belief

A

doesn’t prove accuracies

furthers idea of wish fulfilment - Freud

41
Q

what does Keith Ward think about religious belief

A

religious belief is not harmful

42
Q

what is good about religion - Keith Ward (3)

A

played a part in the abolishment of slavery
gives the poor opportunities and rights
sets standards for moral behaviour

43
Q

criticism against what Keith Ward says is good about religion

A

other things set moral standards
e.g. law, secular ethical theories

Christianity also justifies. slavery and has contributed to violence (crusades)

44
Q

what does Keith Ward think about belief

A

belief in God is a natural belief

e.g. wandering about consequences of actions

45
Q

criticism of what Keith Ward think about belief

A

could say it’s just a blik
consequences could be a secular thing
e.g. not wanting to go to jail

46
Q

what does religious belief provide people with

+ weakness

A

religious belief provides people with answers

could be inaccurate answers, misinterpretation and not verifiable

47
Q

comparison of religious and scientific statements

A

they’re different in kind overlap because both look at how the universe operates but they’re distinct

48
Q

what is the difference. between s scientific and religious statements

A

different because they are dependant on faith, not evidence and findings

Philosophy of religion (12 decks)

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