Critical Thinking Section 3

Question 1

Bias

Answer 1

When one tends to have an opinion that leans to a certain direction.

Question 2

Confirmation bias

Answer 2

When accept evidence that agrees with your beliefs while you refuse evidence that disagrees with your beliefs.

Question 3

Cognitive Bias

Answer 3

Systemic mistakes that can affect almost all decision making processes.

Question 4

Alief

Answer 4

Attitudes we have that are like belief, but not conscious or half conscious, and are not necessarily ideas we would endorse if we thought about them.

Question 5

Alief example

Answer 5

I read articles about German shepherds being the most gentle dogs, but when I see one in person, I feel like I’m in danger.

Question 6

Heuristics

Answer 6

A cognitive bias which we categorize a new situation based on the nearest prototype or experience in our mind

Question 7

Anchoring and adjustment

Answer 7

Tendency anchor to the first piece of information we have about a new domain and then adjust up or down from there.

Question 8

Selection bias

Answer 8

Base a conclusion off a small selection of the population.

Question 9

Availability heuristic

Answer 9

Process of drawing conclusions based on the most easily available information.

Question 10

Selective Reporting

Answer 10

When data is reported a certain way to achieve a certain effect.