CRITICAL THINKING PPT 1

Question 1

to improve our ability to reason and generate strong arguments

Answer 1

Purpose of Critical Thinking

lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb

Question 2

to improve our ability to assess the strength of arguments used by others

Answer 2

Purpose of Critical Thinking

lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb

Question 3

What is an argument?

Answer 3

A claim being asserted which we want people to believe as true;

Question 4

What is an argument?

Answer 4

Reasons offered in support of such claim, through which we try to convince others that such claim is true.

Question 5

What are the main parts of an argument?

Answer 5

A claim being asserted which we want people to believe as true;

Reasons offered in support of such claim, through which we try to convince others that such claim is true.

[premises] – [conclusion]
[reasons] – [claim]

Question 6

What is critical thinking?

Answer 6

‘reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.’ (Robert Ennis, 1996)

Question 7

What is critical thinking?

Answer 7

doing and believing which emphasizes deliberation and decision-making.

Question 8

What is critical thinking?

Answer 8

‘the active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief… in the light of the grounds which support it.’

(John Dewy, father of CT, 1910)

Question 9

‘reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.’

Answer 9

(Robert Ennis, 1996)

Question 10

‘the active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief… in the light of the grounds which support it.’

Answer 10

(John Dewy, father of CT, 1910)

Question 11

Tips to become a critical thinker

Answer 11

Be aware of theories on rationality and arguments.

Practice in applying this learning to examples of arguments and exchanges between people which involves arguments and counter-arguments.

Reflect on how we form our beliefs and how we interact with others.

Question 12

2. Critical Thinking and the Spirit of Philosophy

Answer 12

The spirit of philosophy :

To apply rational thinking to all issues (social, political, moral, economic, etc.)

To take responsibility for one’s future end.

To grow up (to mature thinking; not childish).

To have resolution and courage to think on your own.

Question 13

1. Purpose of Critical Thinking (lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb)

Answer 13

1. 1. to improve our ability to reason and generate strong arguments;
2. 2. to improve our ability to assess the strength of arguments used by others.

Question 14

“I am humble enough to know that I do not know.”

Answer 14

Socrates

Question 15

“I ‘doubt’, thus I exist. (cogito ergo sum)”

Answer 15

Rene Descartes

Question 16

“My mind imposes unto the world I see.”

Answer 16

Immanuel Kant

Question 17

“Is my life different because I know this…?”

Answer 17

John Newman

Question 18

Argument = dialogue = ‘intellectual midwifery’

Answer 18

Socrates

Question 19

The spirit of philosophy is in:

Answer 19

The critical thinker (verifying assumptions about how the world operates);

The seeker (of foundational truths, of true lasting happiness, of the fulfilled life);

The reflector (self-understanding of what he really wants in life,& of the hindrances or limitations);

The agitator (challenges theories/practices to improve society; the agent/advocate of change).

Question 20

(verifying assumptions about how the world operates);

Answer 20

critical thinker

Question 21

(of foundational truths, of true lasting happiness, of the fulfilled life);

Answer 21

seeker

Question 22

(self-understanding of what he really wants in life,& of the hindrances or limitations);

Answer 22

reflector

Question 23

(challenges theories/practices to improve society; the agent/advocate of change).

Answer 23

agitator

Question 24

Psychology of Persuasion

Answer 24

[argument] – [rhetorics; public speaking]

Question 25

Psychology of Persuasion

Answer 25

How do you convince your parent to increase your daily school allowance?

To allow you to sleep-over with classmates/friends?

How do politicians lobby in congress/senate?

Critical thinking is informal logic (arguments/reasoning used in real-life contexts; not abstract formal logic).

Question 26

How do you convince your parent to increase your daily school allowance?

To allow you to sleep-over with classmates/friends?

How do politicians lobby in congress/senate?

Critical thinking is informal logic (arguments/reasoning used in real-life contexts; not abstract formal logic).

Answer 26

Psychology of Persuasion

Question 27

Argumentation = inter-disciplinary

Answer 27

Critical discussions: dialogues where participants with differing views on an issue present arguments to one another, hoping to reach a resolution or consensus. (rhetorical, feminist, coalescent, cooperative argumentations) (we may agree to disagree, on some issues).

Memorization and recall of facts is not critical thinking.

Question 28

inter-disciplinary

Answer 28

Argumentation

Question 29

Importance of CT in Socio-Political Issues

Answer 29

Critical thinking attitude

	Healthy Democracy

Most Pinoys do not have CT

weak Phil. Democracy.

Can you pin-point an inherent weakness of democracy in Phils. that bothers you most??

Question 30

Critical thinking attitude

Answer 30

Healthy Democracy

Question 31

Most Pinoys do not have CT

Answer 31

weak Phil. Democracy

Question 32

“Democracies rely for their health and well-being on the intelligence of their citizens… such intelligence, if it is to truly be of benefit, must consist in part of the skills, attitudes, abilities and traits of the critical thinker. It is not simply an intelligent citizenry, but a critical one, which democracy wants.”

Answer 32

(Harvey Siegel, 1988)

Question 33

Importance of CT in Education

Answer 33

Why do you spend millions of pesos to finish higher education?

Why are you still studying now, when you are already employable after Senior high school?

Is it (K to 12) for marketable/profitable educ.? 
Or must it be for authentically humane educ.?

Question 34

Balance is a must between:

Answer 34

Learning for career or profit (marketable skills), and

Learning for the love of learning (being authentic human)

You ask yourself: why do you prefer Tomasian education?

Compassion, Commitment, Competence ???