Critical Thinking and Nursing Process Flashcards
In the nursing process is a discipline specific, reflective, reasoning process that guides a nurse in generating, implementing, and evaluating approaches for dealing with client care and professional concerns.
Critical Thinking
Identifies own learning, personality and communication style preferences; clarifies biases, inclinations, strengths and limitations; acknowledge when thinking may be influenced by emotions or self-interest.
Self-aware
Shows true self; demonstrates behaviors that indicate stated values.
Genuine/Authentic
Listens well (shows deep understanding of others’ thoughts, feelings, and circumstances); speaks and writes with clarity (gets key points across to others).
Effective Communicator
Asks questions; looks for reasons, explanations, and meaning; seeks new information to broaden understanding.
Curious and Inquisitive
Looks for changes in circumstances that warrant a need to modify approaches; investigates thoroughly when situations warrant precise, in-depth thinking.
Alert to Context
Carefully considers meaning of data and interpersonal interactions, asks for feedback; corrects own thinking, is alert to potential errors by self and others, finds ways to avoid future mistakes.
Reflective and Self-corrective
Identifies relationships; expresses deep understanding.
Analytical and Insightful
Draws reasonable conclusions (if this is so, then it follows that… because…); uses intuition as a guide and acts on intuition only with knowledge of risks involved.
Logical and Intuitive
Expresses faith in ability to reason and learn; overcomes problems and disappointments.
Confident and resilient
Looks for the truth, even if it sheds unwanted light; demonstrates integrity (adheres to moral and ethical standards; admits flaws in thinking)
Honest and Upright
Self-directed, selfdisciplined, and accepts accountability.
Autonomous and responsible
Knows own limits-seeks help as needed; suspends or revises judgment as indicated by new or incomplete data.
Careful and prudent
Shows tolerance for different viewpoints; questions how own viewpoints are influencing thinking.
Open and fair-minded
Expresses appreciation of human differences related to values, culture, personality, or learning style preferences; adapts to preferences when feasible.
Sensitive to diversity
Offers alternative solutions and approaches; comes up with useful ideas.
Creative
Anticipates consequences, plans ahead, acts on opportunities.
Proactive
Stands up for beliefs, advocates for others, does not hide from challenges.
Courageous
Waits for the right moment; perseveres to achieve best results.
Patient and persistent
Changes approaches as needed to get the best results.
Flexible
Promotes a healthy lifestyle; uses healthy behaviors to manage stress.
Health Oriented
Listens well; shows ability to imagine others’ feelings and difficulties.
Empathetic
Selfidentified learning needs; finds ways to overcome limitations, seeks out new knowledge. Patients-Promotes healthcare systems; maximizes function, comfort, and convenience. Systems-Identifies risks and problems with healthcare systems; promotes safety, quality, satisfaction, and costcontainment.
Improvement-oriented (self, patients, systems)
NURSES USE CRITICAL – THINKING SKILLS IN A VARIETY OF WAYS
- Nurses use knowledge from other subjects and fields. (nutrition, physiology, physics)
- Nurses deal with change in stressful environments. (deal with a client who is frightened of injections or with one who does not wish to take a medications)
- Nurse make important decisions. (good judgement)
Is a major component of critical thinking.
Creativity
Creativity is thinking that the results in the development of new ideas
and products.
True
Creativity is the ability to develop and implement new and better
solutions (problem solving and decision making)
True
Your ability to focus your thinking to get the results you need can make the difference between whether you succeed or fail in this fast-paced world.
Top 1
It can be done-it doesn’t have to be difficult.
Top 2
Redesigning care delivery and nursing curricula is useless if students and nurses don’t have the thinking skills required to deal with today’s world.
Top 3
Today’s progress often creates new problems that can’t be solved by old ways of thinking.
Top 4
Consumers and payers demand to see evidence of benefits, efficiency and results.
Top 5
Rapid change and information explosion requires us to develop new learning and workplace skills.
Top 6
Nurses must be able to move from one setting to another.
Top 7
More consumer involvement. (patients and families)
Top 8
Patients are sicker, with multiple problems.
Top 9
Things aren’t what they used to be or what they will be.
Top10
SKILLS / TECHNIQUES IN CRITICAL THINKING
- Critical analysis
- Inductive reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
- Making valid inferences
- Differentiating facts from opinions
- Evaluating the credibility of information sources
- Clarifying concepts
- Recognizing assumptions
The application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea to determine essential information and ideas and discard superfluous information and ideas.
Crtical Analysis
The questions are not _________ steps; rather, they are a set of criteria for ________ an idea.
Sequential, Judging
Socrates (born about _____ ) was a _____ _______ who developed the ___________ of posing a __________ and seeking an _______.
Socrates (born about 470BC) was a Greek philosopher who developed the Socratic method of posing a question and seeking an answer.
“A technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize and examine assumptions, search for inconsistencies, examine multiple points of view, and differentiate what one knows from what one merely believes.”
Socratic questioning
Generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations.
Inductive Reasoning
Reasoning from general premises to the specific conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
Can be verified through investigation
Facts
Conclusions drawn from the facts; going beyond facts to make a statement about something not currently known
Inferences
What type of statements is this?
Blood pressure is affected by blood volume.
Facts
What type of statements is this?
If blood volume is decreased (e.g., in hemorrhagic shock). The blood pressure will drop
Inferences
Evaluation of facts or information that reflects values or other criteria; a type of opinion
Judgments
Beliefs formed over time; include judgements that may fit facts or be erroneous
Opinion
What type of statements is this?
It is harmful to the client’s health if the blood pressure drops too low.
Judgments
What type of statements is this?
Nursing interventions can assist in maintaining the client’s blood pressure within normal limits.
Opinion
ATTITUDES THAT FOSTER CRITICAL THINKING
- Independence
- Fair-mindedness
- Insight into Egocentricity
- Intellectual Humility
- Intellectual Courage to Challenge the Status Quo and Rituals
- Integrity
- Perseverance
- Confidence
- Curiosity
Nurses should not ignore what other people think, but they should consider a wide range of ideas, learn from them, and then take the time to build their own judgments (Wilkinson, 2012).
Independence
They assess all viewpoints with the same standards and do not base their judgments on personal or group bias or prejudice (Wilkinson, 2012).
Fair-mindedness
Critical thinkers are open to the possibility that their personal biases or social pressures and customs could unduly affect their thinking.
Insight into Egocentricity
Having an awareness of the limits of one’s own knowledge critical thinkers are willing to admit what they do not know; they are willing to seek new information and to rethink their conclusions in light of new knowledge.
Intellectual Humility
This type of courage comes from recognizing that beliefs are sometimes false or misleading. Values and beliefs are not always acquired rationally.
Intellectual Courage to Challenge the Status Quo and Rituals
Requires that individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs as they apply to the knowledge and beliefs of others.
Integrity
This determination enables them to clarify concepts and sort out related issues, in spite of difficulties and frustrations.
Perseverance
The critical thinker develops skill in both inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Confidence
The curious nurse may value tradition but is not afraid to examine traditions to be sure they are still valid.
Curiosity
Promotes the reliability and validity of the thinking and thus makes appropriate more action more likely.
Standard of Critical Thinking
Core Attributes of Critical Thinking
- Reflection
- Context
- Dialogue
- Time
Involves determining what data are relevant and making connections between that data and the decisions reached.
Reflection
An essential consideration in nursing since care must always be individualized, taking knowledge and applying it to real people.
Context
Which need not involve other persons, refers to the process of serving as both teacher and student in learning from situations, questioning, making connections, and determining motivation.
Dialogue
Emphasizes the value of using past learning in current situations that then guide future actions.
Time
UNIVERSAL INTELLECTUAL STANDARDS
- Clarity
- Accuracy
- Relevance
- Logicalness
- Breadth
- Precision
- Significance
- Completeness
- Fairness
- Depth
Technique that uses a graphic depiction of nonlinear and linear relationships to represent critical thinking.
Concept Mapping
Concept mapping are also known as
Mind Mapping
Concept maps are _______ _________ and can be used to develop _______ _____.
context dependent; analytical skills
TYPES OF CONCEPT MAPS
Hierarchical Maps
Spider Maps
Flowchart Maps
Systems Maps
Concept and attributes arranged in a hierarchical pattern and typically constructed in a descending order of importance.
Hierarchical Maps
TRUE OR FALSE?
In hierarchical maps, relationships are identified between and among a concept and its attributes.
TRUE
Depict the interrelatedness of the concept and its attributes in the map
Spider Maps
Linear diagrams demonstrating sequence or cause-and-affect relations
Flowchart Maps
Inputs and outputs illustration
relationships among the concept and its attributes
Systems Maps
