Critical Thinking Flashcards

0
Q

A schema for identifying steps of an argument

A

Standard form

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1
Q

A discussion in which reasons are advanced in favour of a proposal.
A set of reasons/evidence or premises that are given in support of a conclusion.

A

An argument

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2
Q

Reasons of an argument

A

Premises

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3
Q

The outcome of an argument

A

Conclusion

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4
Q

A conclusion that functions as a premise for a further conclusion

A

A sub conclusion

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5
Q

A line of argument where the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion

A

Deductive argument

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6
Q

An argument that draws its conclusion about one thing by its likeness to another thing

A

Argument by analogy

These are dangerous because they are highly persuasive even when incorrect.

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7
Q

When the premises imply the conclusion such that if the premises are true the conclusion has to be true.

A

Validity of argument

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8
Q

A deductive argument incorrectly formed

A

Invalid argument

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9
Q

Line of argument that produces only a probable conclusion.

The truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion

A

Inductive argument

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10
Q

While validity is an ____ judgement, soundness is a ____ judgement.

A

Objective, subjective.

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11
Q

When 1. The argument is valid and 2. The premises are true.

A

Soundness

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12
Q

A Statement that asserts a relationship between two categories

A

Categorical statement

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13
Q

Composed of categorical statements

A

Categorical syllogisms

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14
Q

Every categorical statement has two parts. A ____ and a ____.

A

Subject, predicate

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15
Q

Three step transitive argument

A

Syllogism

16
Q

An argument has three basic components, these are

A

Premises
inference words
conclusion

17
Q

A conditional statement is a statement of the form if… Then…
The if part is the ____
The then part is the ____

A

Antecedent / Consequent

18
Q

The phrase that affirms or denies something about the subject

A

Predicate

19
Q

Tells how the world should be

A

Prescriptive statement

20
Q

Tells how things will be

A

Predictive statement

21
Q

Words that represent a certain kind of relationship between premises and conclusions

A

Inference indicators

22
Q

Syllogistic errors or any mistake in reasoning

A

Fallacy

23
Q

Tells how the world is

A

Descriptive statement