Critical Thining 2 Flashcards
3 critical thinking principles (USAF -3)
8 elements of reasoning PAPDCAII
Purpose
Assumptions
POV- Points of View
Data information Evidence
Concepts and Ideas
Assumptions
Implications and Consequences
Inferences
What is the purpose element of reasoning
What is the objective of my thinking
Is my purpose achievable or realistic
Questions at Issue? What is a good way to ask this
Is this the right question?
How do we refine the question at hand
Isolating a primary goal vs. secondary goals
Condensing the fundamental issue
Break down complexities
What are ways points of view affect leadership/the workplace
Experiences can cause changes in the paradigm
Resources can cause differences
Questions to ask for considering information data and evidence in reasoning
Make sure the questions being asked are measurably relevant?
Is it accurate fair and clear?
Are there alternate sources?
Do we need more?
Is the source credible?
3 concepts and idea examples
Theories
Axioms
Principles
What are good questions to delve into concepts and ideas
Do others accept this theory as well?
Are the concepts relevant?
Have we trained appropriately
Reasoning begins with ______
Beliefs // Assumptions
“These can deter from solid reasoning.”
How do you limit assumptions
Is this a widely accepted thought
Am i being fair
What is influences my thoughts are they balanced?
3 things that can happen with assumptions as leaders
They can be :
Validated
Disputed
Changed
Why is it important to understand implications and consequences
To understand and garner buy in for risk
Helps with development
Affects your ability to reason ; explain decisions logically and clearly to others
Inferencing is an important part of what?
Reasoning based on assumptions, experiences, and prior knowledge
Assumptions vs. Inferences?
Assumptions = can have a subconscious assumptions ; in the back of your mind
Inferences = can not have a subconscious inference ; draw conclusions after thinking
The critical thinking process includes the ___ and the _____
What and the Why
System 1 vs System 2 thinking
Instinctive emotional unconscious utilizes pattern recognition = system 1
Slow deliberate logical conscious ; discerns new patters = system 2
4 other errors that can impact decision making
Thinking too quickly
Stereotypes
Asking the wrong questions
Not asking the right questions in the right way
What is the Halo effect ?
This is a type of what
A single trait or event to define an entire person or situation
COGNITIVE BIAS
What is Belief perseverance
This is a type of what
Tendency to favor our own perspective —
Cognitive bias leading to confirmation bias
How does answering the wrong question lead to errors in communication
Deflection steers the conversation away from the initial intent
Lack of focus makes critical thinking difficult
Value vs. Moral Judgement
Value = assessment of the merit desirebablity or praiseworthy of someone or something = an assessment of the quality of their work [what did they produce]
Moral = a value judgement of someone or something’s morality = referencing the value of the person. [who are they?]
As WARLOC what should we refrain from doing
Conduct that is defined as immoral
2 principles in moral reasoning
Consistency
Burden of proof
Consistency principle
All cases are equal and should be treated the same
Burden of proof principle
If consistency is violated the person making the decision is at risk of using the evidence provided
