Critical/Feminist Criminology

Question 1

what were incarceration rates like in the US during 2012?

Answer 1

2.2mil+ ppl incarcerated in local jails and federal/state prisons

7mil under correctional supervision

Question 2

punitive turn

Answer 2

punishment for the sake of it instead of correctional treatment rehabilitation programs

Question 3

3 possible explanations for the punitive turn

Answer 3

1. media coverage
2. victims’ rights emergence
3. private prison industry growth

Question 4

critical and countercultural

Answer 4

questioning social order and real purpose of law

Question 5

radical criminologists argued that..

Answer 5

criminals were created through social processes (class, racial/gender inequality)

Question 6

origins of critical criminology

Answer 6

1960s: civil rights, women’s liberation, anti-war movement

Question 7

Marxist influences

Answer 7

class relation, social structure of capitalism and how it produces social inequality

Question 8

Neo-Marxism

Answer 8

Ian Taylor, Paul Walton, Jock Young

capitalism -> social inequality - crime

Marxist + symbolic interactionism + labelling theory + moral panics

Question 9

Conflict theorists

Answer 9

Neo-Marxists; society is built on class conflict, focus on unequal distribution of power

Question 10

interactionist perspective

Answer 10

approach; small-scale social interactions among individuals/groups

Question 11

Jock Young

Answer 11

left realist/critical criminologist, The Exclusive Society on punitive turn

Question 12

Jock Young’s 3 concepts

Answer 12

1. relative deprivation
2. subculture
3. marginalizatino

Question 13

relative deprivation

Answer 13

crime more likely to happen when people are deprived compared to others

Question 14

subculture

Answer 14

forms in response to a shared problem, distinct beliefs/values/mores/expressions

c. school

Question 15

marginalization

Answer 15

certain segments of society find themselves as social outcasts

labelling theory + c. school

Question 16

Michel Foucault

Answer 16

Post-structuralism

power and oppression in all levels (no neutral observer exists), society structure

Question 17

discourse

Answer 17

forms of language, presentation, practices and how meaning is created/shared

Question 18

peace-making crim

Answer 18

criminals should be treated with empathy

(reintegrative shaming, restorative justice, total abolition of prisons), reduce imprisonment

Question 19

Offender gender gap

Answer 19

men are more likely than females to commit crime but they commit similar crimes

Question 20

feminist approach

Answer 20

focus on women’s experiences and lives

qualitative interviewing (open-ended, in depth, face-to-face)

Question 21

liberal feminism

Answer 21

similarities/differences between male/female offending, reduced opportunities, role of gender socialization

Question 22

radical feminism

Answer 22

male dominance, domestic violence/sexual assault against women, need to law reform

Question 23

intersectional feminism

Answer 23

race + class + gender

Question 24

when she brings home the bacon 1999

Answer 24

women as breadwinners and whether their status affects likelihood of spousal abuse

only when the male is unemployed/lower than the female

Question 25

exchange/social control theory

Answer 25

radical/socialist feminism, issues of male dominance and relationship to patriarchy

Question 26

Richard Gelles

Answer 26

Through a Sociological Lens

females are more likely to be abusers of the elderly and children bc they were the primary caregivers