Critical Clinical Observation

Question 1

Dominant Eye Identification

Answer 1

1) make triangle with two hands
2) look through triangle and find object that fits in frame
3) close left eye if object stays CENTERED –> right eye dominance
4) close right eye if object stays CENTERED –> left eye dominance

Question 2

mesomorphic

Answer 2

• muscular or sturdy body build (average guy)
• mid-ranges of ROM
• characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic mesoderm

Question 3

ectomorphic

Answer 3

• thin body build (long and linear frame/ tall and lean)
• higher ROM
• characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic ectoderm

Question 4

endomorphic

Answer 4

• heavy (fat) body build (obese, increased fatty tissue)
• have lower ROM
• characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from embryonic endoderm

Question 5

Skin color observation: Pale

Answer 5

• may indicate anemia

Question 6

Skin color observation: redness

Answer 6

• erythema

- may indicate inflammation

Question 7

Skin color observation: yellow

Answer 7

• jaundice

- may indicate a cirrohosis

Question 8

skin color observation: blue

Answer 8

• cyanosis
• may indicate reaction to cold: Reynaud’s disease
• children with tetralogy of fallot exhibit bluish skin during crying or feeding

Question 9

skin color observation: blackness

Answer 9

• necrosis

Question 10

other skin observations (4)

Answer 10

1) lesions
2) scars
3) tattoos
4) piercings

Question 11

skin lesion findings (5)

Answer 11

1) asymmetry
2) border
3) color
4) diameter
5) evolution

Question 12

what factors create asymmetry?

Answer 12

1) bone deformity
2) joint deformity
3) kyphoscoliosis
4) dress, occupation, mental attitude, habit
5) sacral base unleveling
6) lower extremity defects
7) somatic dysfunction

Question 13

what to look for with comparative analysis? (left vs right)

Answer 13

1) symmetry
2) heights
3) deviation from midline

Question 14

anterior landmarks for symmetry: head carriage

Answer 14

1) eye level
2) ear level
3) nose & nare symmetry, ear symmetry

Question 15

anterior landmarks for symmetry: upper extremity

Answer 15

1) acromion height
2) angle of clavicles
3) carriage of arms
4) finger tip length compared to iliac crests

Question 16

anterior landmark for symmetry: below the shoulders

Answer 16

1) angle of rib cage
2) umbilicus
3) crest of ilium
4) greater trochanter levels
5) upper leg (R vs L)
6) lower leg (R vs L)
7) patellar alignment
8) medial and lateral malleoli

Question 17

posterior landmarks for symmetry: superior to shoulders

Answer 17

1) carriage of the head
2) shoulder level (scapular spine, scapula angle, medial scapular border)
3) arm carriage
4) spinous process alignment or deviation from the midline

Question 18

posterior landmarks for symmetry: lumbar spine and below

Answer 18

1) iliac crest heights
2) PSIS
3) gluteal line
4) upper leg symmetry
5) popliteal line and space
6) achilles tendon
7) medial and lateral malleoli

Question 19

lateral landmarks for symmetry

Answer 19

plumb line: external auditory canal, acromion process, greater trochanter, anterior medial malleolus

Spinal curvatures: cervical and lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis