Critical Appraisal Flashcards
what are types of observational descriptive studies
case reports
case series
what are types of observation analytical studies
cross sectional study
case control study
cohort
name a type of experimental study
randomised controlled trial
what does a cross sectional study look at
population selected sample -risk factor disease present -risk factor no disease -no risk factor disease present -no risk factor no disease
describe a case contorl studie
subjects selected based on disease present (cases) no disease (control)
then looks at reviews records to see how many of each group were exposed/ unexposed to a factor
describe a cohort study
study begins, selects group of participants
follow who is exposed/ not exposed to risk factors
evaluate outcomes of both groups at end of study
give an example of randomised control trials
intention to treat vs per protocol analysis (compares new treatment to standard therapy)
define absolute risk
the number of events in treated or control groups divided by the number of people in that group
what is the formula for absolute risk reduction
ARC (absolute risk control) - ART (AR treatment)
what is the formula for relative risk
ART/ ARC
what is the formula for relative risk reduction
(ARC - ART) / ARC
what is the formula for number needed to treat
1 / ARR
