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Basic Legal Terminology > Criminal Process > Flashcards

Criminal Process Flashcards

1
Q

Criminal Law

A

Derecho Penal

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2
Q

Prosecution

A

1) Imputación

2) Fiscalía o Fiscal

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3
Q

U.S Attorney’s District

Attorney State’s prosecutor

State Attorney’s Office

A

Fiscal

Fiscalía

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4
Q

County Attorney’s Office

A

Procuraduría

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5
Q

Warrant

A

Mandato u orden Judicial (telling an officer to do something)

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6
Q

Seizure Warrant

A

Orden de decomiso

Incautación

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7
Q

Search Warrant

A

Orden de cateo/de registro o de allanamiento

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8
Q

Arrest Warrant

A

Orden de arresto

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9
Q 
Initial Appearance
(At an initial appearance, the judge is responsible for verifying the accuracy of the defendant's identity. During the appearance, the defendant must confirm he is the person listed in the formal complaint.In some cases, the court schedules the arraignment immediately following the initial appearance.)
A

Presentación del imputado

Comparecencia inicial del imputado

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10
Q

Misdemeanor

A

Delito menor (hasta un año de cárcel nada más)

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11
Q

Felony

A

Delito grave (más de un año de cárcel o pena de muerte)

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12
Q

Bail

A

Fianza

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13
Q

Bail bond

A

Bono de fianza

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14
Q

Bail bondsman

A

Fiador de fianzas

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15
Q

Bail exoneration

A

Exoneración de fianza

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16
Q

Bail forfeiture

A

Caducidad de la fianza

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17
Q

Bail Notice

A

Notificación de la fianza (dada por la Corte explicando que si no se paga se emitirá un arrest warrant)

18
Q

Bail receipt

A

Recibo de pago de la fianza

19
Q

Bail review

A

Revisión de la fianza (en una audiencia)

20
Q

Bailments

A

Depósitos de bienes para garantizar cumplimiento de unos servicios

21
Q

Personal recognizance

A

Régimen de presentación del imputado ante el tribunal

22
Q

Release on Own Recognizance (ROR)

A

Libertad bajo palabra

23
Q

Counsel

A

Attorney

24
Q

Assigned Counsel/Appointed Attorney/Panel Attorney

A

Abogado designado por la Corte
(Is a private attorney who works in private practice and gets paid on a case by case basis.)
(The State can’t legally prosecute indigents unless it provides them with an attorney. To satisfy this requirement, many States have set up public defender offices. On those States which those offices have not been set up, Court-appointed attorneys will handle the criminal cases for indigents)

25
Q

Defense Counsel

A

Abogado de la defensa (demandado o imputado)

26
Q

Opposing Counsel

A

Abogado opositor

27
Q

Public Defender

A

Defensor Público

28
Q

Indigent (in law)

A

Demandado insolvente/sin recursos

(One without sufficient income to afford a lawyer for defense in a criminal case. If the court finds a person is an indigent, the court must appoint a public defender or other attorney to represent him/her)

29
Q

Nolle Prosequi

A

Abandono de proceso

Decisión de la Fiscalía de no proceder en una acusación por un delito. Se traduce como: “no elijo procesar”

30
Q

Plead

Ex. Plead guilt

A

Declararse (el imputado)

Ej. Declararse culpable

31
Q

Plea

A

Declaración del acusado (cómo culpable o no)

32
Q

Plea Bargain

A

Declaración negociada

Negociación para declararse culpable por ej. Para que el Fiscal le impute una pena menos grave

33
Q 
Nolo Contendere
(a plea by which a defendant in a criminal prosecution accepts conviction as though a guilty plea had been entered but does not admit guilt)
A

Latín para “No deseo refutar” o “I do not wish to contend”,
No oponerse a los cargos; del latín “no quiero oponerme”.
…declarándose así culpable pero con la excepción de que esa declaración no podrá ser usada en su contra en un juicio civil.

34
Q

Preliminary Hearing

A

Audiencia preliminar

35
Q

Probable cause

A

Causa probable

36
Q

Grand Jury

A

Jurado de acusación/gran jurado

37
Q

Indictment

A

Acusación del Jurado

38
Q

Arraignment

Initial hearing where the defendant must enter in a plea of “guilty,” “not guilty,” or “no contest.”

A

Audiencia de lectura de cargos o de la acusación

Y en esta el imputado presenta su plead

39
Q

Beyond reasonable doubt

A

Más allá de una duda razonable

40
Q

Acquit

A

Absolver

41
Q

Acquittal

A

Absolución

42
Q

Double jeopardy

A

Doble enjuiciamiento (o en Derecho, principio de excepción de la cosa juzgada/principio de prohibición de doble enjuiciamiento)

(Prohibición de ser enjuiciado más de una vez)

Basic Legal Terminology (4 decks)

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