Criminal Law Florida Flashcards
What are the three types of first degree murder in FLA
An unlawful killing that
(i) PREMEDITATED
* is the result of a premeditated design to end a person’s life;
(ii) FELONY MURDER
* is committed by a person** engaged i**n or in the attempt to commit an enumerated felony (felony murder); or
(iii) DRUG DISRTIBUTION
* results from the unlawful distribution of specified controlled substances, if the drug is proven to have caused or been a substantial factor in user’s death
What are the two types of manslaughter?
Manslaughter
* includes vol. and inv. manslaughter or killing w/o excuse or justification
and
Aggravated Manslaughter
* child, elderly, disabled, police, fireman, or paramedic is killed
Battery occurs when
(1) a person actually and intentionally TOUCHES or STRIKES another against their will or
(2) intentionally causes BODILY HARM to another.
Kidnapping occurs when
the kidnapper
* forcibly, secretly, or by threat confine, abduct, or imprison another
* against his will and
* has the intent to
* * (i) hold the person for ransom, reward, shield, or hostage;
* * (ii) commit or facilitate the commission of a felony;
* * (iii) inflict bodily harm upon or terrorize the victim or another; or
* * * (iv) interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function
What is the theft statute and to which crimes does it apply?
Larceny, Embezzlement, False Pretenses
A theft is committed if a person:
i) Knowingly;
ii) Obtains or uses, or attempts to obtain or use;
iii) Another’s property;
iv) With the intent to deprive the other person PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORARILY of the property or appropriate the property to his own use or the use of any person not entitled to use of the property
Think LEF
Florida Theft Statute
How is the value of property determined?
Property is anything of value, value is determined by** market value** or replacement value within reasonable time of the offense
In Florida, does a principal in the first degree need to be actually or constructively present at the commission of the offense?
NO
Florida does not distinguish between a principal and an accessory before the fact (both are treated as principals in the first degree).
What constitutes a dwelling for burglary in Florida?
Any kind of building designed to be occupied by people lodging there at night; roof required
can temporary/permanent, mobile/immobile
How is insanity proven by the defendant?
Clear and convincing; M’Naghten (Did not know what he was doign was wrong bc of mental disease)
does not know the “nature and quality” of the act or that it was wrong
Must be insane at the TIME OF THE CRIME
Attempted felony murder occurs when
In the First Degree when
* D
* perpetrates or attempts to perperate any felony and
* commits or aids in a** separate intentional act** that* could* but does not kill someone
Second Degree
* Someone other than D
* * Injures another during the commission of an **enumerated ** felony
How is burglary in FLA different from common law?
Burglary in Florida does not require a breaking (only an entering)
No night requirement
No requirement of intent to commit a felony (only an offense)
A person commits arson when
they
1. willfully and unlawfully,
or during the commission of a felony (not maliciously),
2. burn a dwelling or structure where persons are normally present
Common-law arson is the:
i) Malicious;
ii) Burning;
iii) Of the dwelling;
iv) Of another
Assault is
an intentional unlawful threat (words or actions) to** commit violence** upon another,
coupled with **an apparent ability to do so, **and
performing an act that creates a well-founded fear that violence is imminent.
MBE Assault is
1. An attempt to commit a battery (harmful or offensive touching); or
2. Intentionally placing another in apprehension of imminent bodily harm.
Robbery is
(i) the taking of money or property;
(ii) from the person or custody of another;
(iii) with the intent to either** permanently or temporarily** deprive the person or owner of the money or property; and
(iv) when in the course of the taking there is the use of force, violence, assault, or putting in fear
MBE
i) Larceny; (trespassory, taking and carrying away, of the personal property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive)
ii) From the person or presence of the victim;
iii) By force or intimidation
Is attempted theft a crime in Florida?
No. A theft occurs when there is an attempt. So if there is attempted theft= theft is the crime
How do Felony and Misdeameanors differ in their punishment?
Felony is imprisonment of more than 1 year
Misdemeanor is punishable by 1 year or less
What happens if a person kills an unborn child by causing injury to the mother?
person will be charged with same degree of killing as if they had killed the mother
Assisted Suicide
A person who deliberately assits another in the mossion of self-murder is guilty of
Manslaughter
Is there a year and one day in FLA?
No, although part of the evidence might include the duration
Year and one day rule common law: conclusive presumtion that if victim did not die within one year and a day of D’s actions –> Proximate Cause could not be proven
Does Florida use the term actual malice?
NO. Look at the mental states reflected in the statutes instead
What are the four types of felony murder?
1st Degree
* D kills the person and is engaged in or attempting to engage in an enumerated felony
2nd Degree
* Someone else (not D) kills the person dhuring the commision of enumerated felony
3rd Degree
* D kills someone during commission of non-enumerared felony
Attempted felony murder
* 1st degree (by D, could but does not kill someone in committing or attempting to commit any felony through a separate intentional act)
* 2nd degree (not by D during enumerated felony)
Second degree murder
- Depraved Heart
- Second Degree Felony Murder
Third Degree Murder
Third Degree Felony Murder
- D kills during non-enumerated murder
-
What is a defense to conspiracy?
In Florida, it is a defense to conspiracy if, after conspiring to commit a crime with another, the defendant persuades the other/s not to commit the crime and the defendant manifests a complete renunciation of his criminal intent.
When is a person not entitled to a pretrial release in Florida?
When: (1) a person is charged with a capital offense or one punishable by life imprisonment; and (2) proof of guilt is evident or the presumption of guilt is great
Children under 18 must be deposed on
Video tape unless otherwise orderd by the court
Even if not participating in discovery, may the court require a criminal defendant to appear in a lineup, be fingerprinted, reenact the crime, and try on articles of clothing?
Yes except as to reenacting the crime
Trial courts have jurisdiction over
(1) All misdemeanors not joined with a felony; and (2) All violations of municipal and county ordinances
Name factors experts must consider and include in their reports regarding a defendant’s capacity.
1.) Appreciate charges and allegations,
2.) Appreciate range and nature of possible penalties,
3.) Understand adversary nature of legal process,
4.) Disclose to counsel pertinent facts,
5.) Behave appropriately in courtroom, and
6.) Testify relevantly
If a person charged with a felony is not tried within 175 days what happens?
The person may be discharged from the crime.
What must a motion for post-conviction DNA testing contain?
(1) A statement of facts; and (2) Evidence supporting the motion
A deposition to perpetuate testimony must generally be filed more than _____ days before trial.
10 days
When is a notice to appear not proper
When a person (1) Fails or refuses to ID himself, (2) Fails or refuses to sign the notice, (3) Has no ties to the community, (4) Poses an unreasonable risk of bodily harm to himself or others, (5) Failed to appear previously, or When an officer (6) suspects the person is wanted in another jurisdiction
When must a pre-sentence report (“PSI”) be ordered?
When the defendant is found guilty of
- a first felony offense or
- a felony while under 18 years old.
Each party is entitled to how many peremptory challenges for felonies punishable by death or imprisonment for life?
10
When must charges be filed for an in custody defendant?
When a defendant is in custody, the state must file charges against the in-custody defendant within 30 DAYS s of the arrest or the service of arrest awarrant
if not –> then the court must give notice to the state:
* ordering the defendant’s automatic release on his own recognizance on the 33rd DAY, unless formal charges are filed, or
* if good cause is shown by the state, order that the defendant be released on his own recognizance on the 40th DAY