Criminal Justice

Question 1

what are black codes?

Answer 1

-laws that restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces
-central element of black codes were vagrancy laws

Question 2

what are vagrancy laws?

Answer 2

-state criminalized men who were out of work
-outlawed begging, loitering, walking at night, walking without a purpose, etc.

Question 3

what are prison labor camps?

Answer 3

simultaneously criminalized and reinforced black poverty; form of neo-slaery once slavery was outlawed

Question 4

what is stop & frisk?

Answer 4

-practice of city police department in which officers stop, question, and frisk thousands of pedestrians annually

Question 5

The War on Drugs. Who called for it, who implemented it, and who made it bipartisan?

Answer 5

-Richard Nixon called for it (southern strategy)
-ronald reagan implemented it
-bill clinton made it bipartisan

Question 6

what is the anti-abuse act of 1986?

Answer 6

-created a 100 to 1 sentencing disparity for crack vs. powder cocaine possession
- this act was an act of institutional racism

Question 7

what is the fair sentencing act of 2010?

Answer 7

-reduced the sentencing disparity for crack vs. powder cocaine from 100:1 to 18:1

Question 8

What is lynch mob?

Answer 8

-between 1880-1930, the lynch mob killed more than 2300 black men, women, and children

Question 9

what are convict leasing programs?

Answer 9

-forced prisoners to work for private companies for no pay, often on the dame fields they worked on while enslaved; programs introduced in southern prisons in order to uphold southern economic system built upon slavery

Question 10

what is the prison boom?

Answer 10

• largely due to harsher sentencing policies, achieved through political moves; associate the prison bom with harsher sentencing policies, not a rise in crime or rug use

Question 11

what is the war on drugs?

Answer 11

-induced the prison boom and the racial disparities that came with it
-influenced by nixon, reagan, and clinton

Question 12

what are the economic consequences of being incarcerated?

Answer 12

-criminal record significantly reduces ones chances of finding a job
-ex-convicts are denies access to financial aid for college
-ex-convicts have lower average incomes

Question 13

what is terry v. ohio?

Answer 13

-set up the standard pf “reasonable suspicion” and that officers must point out specific and srticuable facts that justify suspicion

Question 14

what is batson v. kentucky?

Answer 14

-created the batson rulem which states that a prosecutor’s use of a peremptory challenge in a criminal case many nit be used to exclude jurors bases solely on their race

Question 15

what is hernandez v. texas?

Answer 15

-created the precendent that nationalities are protected classes under the 14th amendment and having all0white juries in criminal cases for POC is not a jury of their peers