Criminal Investigation 1 Flashcards
The_____ system was based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity.
(Page 7)
Bertillon
The first professional police force in the U.S. was established in _____ in 1837.
(Page 9)
Boston
Forensic ____________ deals with the examination of insects in, on and around human remains.
(Page 12)
Entomology
Forensic ____________ deals with the uniqueness of dentition, the study of teeth.
(Page 12)
Odontology
According to Durnal, is the “CSI effect” indeed real?
(Page 12)
Yes it Is.
The _______ study was a nationwide study of criminal investigation by police agencies in major U.S. cities.
(Page 14)
Rand
Which study of criminal investigation in major U.S. police agencies found that detectives and patrol officers contributed equally to the resolution of burglary and robbery cases?
(Page 14)
PERF
Which study of criminal investigation in major U.S. police agencies found that detectives and patrol officers are too reliant on victim information for suspect identification purposes?
(Page 15)
PERF
Probably the single most significant development in criminal investigation in the U.S. was the establishment of the
(Page 10)
FBI
What type of reasoning is described as “inducing the universal from the particular”?
(Page 16)
Inductive Reasoning
What type of reasoning is described as reasoning which takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don’t know?
(Page 16)
Inductive reasoning
What type of reasoning is further broken down into categories of “Strong” and “Weak”?
(Page 16)
Inductive reasoning
What type of reasoning is based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense?
(Page 17)
Deductive Reasoning
What reasoning process proposes a likely explanation for an event that must then be tested?
(Page 17)
Abduction
Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of
(Page 18)
The Evidence
Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?
(Page 21)
Willingness to take risks
Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?
(Page 21)
Teamwork, Dedication, Persistence, & Stability.
Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?
(Page 21)
Maturity
Which of the below is NOT listed as a primary case “solvability factor” in a police reporting system?
(Page 23-24)
-Judgment by the patrol officer that enough information is available to solve the crime.
-Information about the suspect’s description.
-Information about the suspect’s vehicle.
-Information about significant MO.
Which of the below is NOT listed as a primary case “solvability factor” in a police reporting system?
(Page 23-24)
Information about similar crimes in nearby jurisdictions.
One of the primary objectives of the _________________ is to establish whether the necessary elements of a crime exist.
(Page 25)
Preliminary Investigation.
When possible, witnesses and others should be interviewed in the following order:
(Page 26)
Victim then eyewitness.
When possible, which of the below witnesses and others should be interviewed LAST?
(Page 26)
Person observing the suspect.
When possible, which of the below witnesses and others should be interviewed FIRST?
(Page 26)
Victim
When first encountering a witness or victim, what should be the first question asked by an investigator?
(Page 33)
What Happened?
Which of the below is the backbone of the criminal prosecution process?
(Page 37)
The official Police report.
According to the “best evidence rule” what item below must be provided in court whenever possible?
(Page 37)
The investigator’s original notes
In using language and writing the narrative section of the police report, the officer should be concerned with TWO basic items. Check BOTH of those items below.
(Page 39)
Ditction & Presentation
This sentence, “The message was received from the dispatcher” is an example of
(Page 39)
Poor grammar
This sentence, “I received the message from the dispatcher” is an example of
(Page 39)
The active voice
In police reports, conclusions that are unsubstantiated by fact should
(Page 40)
Be presented as opinion.
In crime scene photography, a photo showing streets leading up to the crime scene would be considered a _______ view.
(Page 45)
General
In crime scene photography, a photo taken from greater than 5 feet but no greater than 20 feet away would be considered a _______ view.
(Page 45)
Medium-Range
In crime scene photography, the last phase in photographing the crime scene is the _______ view.
(Page 45)
Close-up
The two principal requirements to admit a photograph into evidence are
(Page 44)
Relevance & authentication
How many close up photos of a dead body should be taken to show wounds or injuries, weapons lying near the body, and the immediate surroundings?
As many as needed.
Of the below types of crime scene sketches, which is drawn to scale?
(Page 44)
The Finished sketch.
Of the below types of crime scene sketches, which is drawn by officers on the crime scene?
(Page 51)
The rough sketch
Which crime scene sketching method below measures an object from two fixed points of reference?
(Page 51)
The coordinate method
Which crime scene sketching method below uses fixed objects from a bird’s eye view in which to measure?
(Page 52)
The triangulation method.
Crime scene evidence is
(Page 63)
Dynamic
The transfer of evidence theory is also known as the ___________ exchange principle.
(Page 63)
Locard.
Of the types of evidence, which is self-explanatory in nature and generally speaks for itself in a court of law?
(Page 64)
Physical evidence.
Of the types of evidence, which is self-explanatory in nature and generally speaks for itself in a court of law?
(Page 64)
Direct evidence.
Of the types of evidence, which is also known as circumstantial evidence?
(Page 64)
Indirect evidence.
Of the types of evidence, which is used to clarify an issue?
(Page 64)
Demonstrative evidence.
When broadcasting a flash description of vehicles, which rule should you remember?
(Page 70)
CYMBL rule.
Which rule below applies to special precautions used to maintain the integrity of electronic evidence?
(Page 75)
TWGECSI guidelines.
To the extent possible the ______________ should develop a plan for processing the crime scene.
(Page 77)
Investigator in charge
The crime scene walk-through
(Page 77)
-Provides an overview of the entire scene.
-Identifies any threats to scene integrity.
-Ensures protection of physical evidence.
It is generally recommended that at least ____ officers search an indoor crime scene.
(Page 79)
Two
The total accounting of evidence in a case is known as the
(Page 82)
Chain of custody.
The Bow Street Runners were forerunners of a trend in policing for _____________ within the police force.
(Page 6)
Specialization.
Of the two principal requirements to admit a photograph into evidence, the MOST important requirement is
Authentication
True or False: Cryptanalysis decrypts written manual codes and ciphers.
(Page 11)
True
True or False: Investigators are generalists.
(Page 21)
False
True or False: The best investigators have a demonstrated ability to function in field operations such as patrol and stakeouts.
(Page 22)
True
True or False: In responding to a crime scene, the first officer at the scene must detain witnesses.
(Page 26)
True
True or False: For notes on photographs taken at a crime scene, the officer taking the photo should note the F-stop and shutter speed as well as the distance and direction of the photo.
(Page 35)
True
True or False: When photographing a crime scene, there can never be too many pictures.
(Page 45)
True
True or False: As a rule, the crime scene photographer will find that natural light at a crime scene is adequate for good-quality photos.
(Page 47)
False
True or False: It is necessary for the officer or investigator taking a crime scene photo to be the one testifying about it in court.
(Page 48)
False
True or False: Videos and photos may tend to distort the dimensions of the crime scene.
(Page 50)
True
True or False: In the “triangular” crime scene sketching method the sketch of the walls are as they would appear if folded down flat.
(Page 54)
False
True or False: In the case of a person found hanging, the body should generally not be moved at all by the responding officer.
(Page 72)
True
True or False: When seizing a handgun as evidence, officers should never attempt to pick up the weapon by inserting a pen or pencil into the barrel.
(Page 73)
True
True or False: Electronic evidence has the special characteristic of being latent.
(Page 74)
True
True or False: Electronic evidence will always be time sensitive.
(Page 74)
False
True or False: If possible, investigators should wait until daylight to search a crime scene.
(Page 79)
True
True or False: When handling firearms at a crime scene, officers should immediately attempt to disable the weapon’s ability to fire in some way, so as to prevent accidental injury or death.
(Page 84)
False
True or False: Officers initially responding to a crime scene should begin the evidence collection process as soon as possible.
(Page 86-87)
False
Transmission of viral infection through human bites / saliva is
(Page 90)
unlikely
True or False: Cases of AIDS transmission have been associated with urine and feces.
(Page 90)
False
What type of DNA analysis is applied to evidence containing small or degraded quantities of DNA from hair, bones, teeth and bodily fluids?
(Page 97)
mtDNA
Of the below types of fingerprints, which is also called a “patent” fingerprint?
(Page 103)
latent
Of the below types of fingerprints, which leaves a negative impression of friction ridges?
(Page 103)
Plastic
Of the below types of fingerprints, which has been adulterated with foreign matter?
(Page 103)
Visible
Latent fingerprint impressions developed by the use of silver nitrate are caused by the reaction of ______________ present in perspiration.
(Page 108)
Sodium chloride
When transporting and storing evidence that may contain DNA, it is important to keep the evidence _________ and _______.
(Page 115)
Dry & At room temperature
Two standards have been used to govern the admission of scientific evidence: the relevancy test and the _________ test.
(Page 116)
Frye
The _______ standard is a legal precedent set in 1993 by the Supreme Court of the U.S. regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during federal legal proceedings.
(Page 117)
Daubert
The Supreme Court explained that for expert testimony to be considered reliable, the expert must have derived his or her conclusions from
(Page 117)
The scientific method.
In handwriting analysis, two types of exemplars exist, they are
(Page 119)
Requested and collected
What used to be known in criminal investigation as personality profiling is now called
(Page 121)
Criminal investigation analysis.
Investigative psychology is grounded in empirical research and
(Page 122)
Logical inference
The two common types of photo lineups are?
(Page 125)
Simultaneous & Sequential
The type of photo lineup used when the eyewitness views all the suspects at the same time is the ___________ lineup.
(Page 126)
Simultaneous
The type of photo lineup used when the eyewitness views all the suspects one at a time is the ___________ lineup.
(Page 125)
Sequential
The type of photo lineup that may cause a witness to use “absolute judgment” is the ___________ lineup.
(Page 126)
Sequential.
During photo lineups there should be at least ________ photographs.
(Page 126)
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