Crimean context

Question 1

Scutari
Crimean Context (8)

Answer 1

1. The war in Crimea (5)
2. Difficulties in transporting wounded soldiers to Balaclava and then to the hospital at Scutari (5)
3. Conditions in the hospital (6)
4. Poor care (2)
5. Lack of medical supplies (4)
6. High mortality rates and the main causes of death (6)
7. Coverage of the war in British newspapers prompting the government to propose changes. (8)
8. Specific Nursing lead up and responsibility: (6)

Question 2

General Crimean context
The Crimean War (5)

Answer 2

a. What was it (Gen) (3)
b. The Industrial Revolution led to improvements in weapons technology and helped make warfare in the 19th century more sophisticated and more deadly. (4)
c. Wars had become bigger by the 19th century as a result of new methods of conscripting large numbers of soldiers keeping them supplied.
d. Charge of the Light Brigade- 25 October 1854
e. Death (2)

Question 3

General Crimean context
The Crimean War
a. What was it (Gen) (3)

Answer 3

i. military conflict
ii. October 1853 to February 1856
iii. between the Russian Empire and an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), France, Britain and Sardinia.

Question 4

General Crimean context
The Crimean War
b. The Industrial Revolution led to improvements in weapons technology and helped make warfare in the 19th century more sophisticated and more deadly. (4)

Answer 4

i. Guns, artillery, and warships continued to be the basic components of combat.
ii. Muskets had given way to rifled guns with much greater accuracy and impact.
iii. Cannons could propel their payloads farther and more precisely.
iv. On the battlefield, relatively inexperienced soldiers could set up, load, fire, and repair both cannons and guns.

Question 5

General Crimean context
The Crimean War
e. Death (2)

Answer 5

i. Mortality rates in the war were high, accounting for 1 in 5 men.
ii. However, it was to be infections that killed the majority of soldiers.

Question 6

General Crimean context
2. Difficulties in transporting wounded soldiers to Balaclava and then to the hospital at Scutari (5)

Answer 6

a. A shortage of shipping space meant that the British had brought only a few ambulances with them to the Crimea.
b. Many of the transport horses died (2)
c. Casualties were left on the battlefield waiting for the help that would come once the fighting had ended.
d. British troops were in awe of the treatment of their French comrades. (2)
e. “chain of evacuation” (3)

Question 7

General Crimean context
2. Difficulties in transporting wounded soldiers to Balaclava and then to the hospital at Scutari (5)
b. Many of the transport horses died (2)

Answer 7

i. from hunger or from drowning in the mud and water in the harsh terrain,
ii. which added to the logistical problems of transferring the sick and wounded to Balaclava.

Question 8

General Crimean context
2. Difficulties in transporting wounded soldiers to Balaclava and then to the hospital at Scutari (5)
d. British troops were in awe of the treatment of their French comrades. (2)

Answer 8

i. Their wounded would be removed from battle by stretcher bearers once feasible,
ii. who would then transfer them to field hospitals.