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British Experience of Warfare > Crimea > Flashcards

Crimea Flashcards

1
Q

prince menshikov

A

led the russians

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2
Q

93rd highlanders

A

led by campbell
strong effective disciplined
thin red line at Balaclava

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3
Q

Kamiesh

A

much wider and better equipped bay of the French

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4
Q

the great storm

A

1954

sunk HMS prince with 40,000 winter coats and HMS progress with hay for horses for 3 weeks

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5
Q

waterloo mentality

A

love for war

inspiration from Waterloo and Pen wars victory

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6
Q

why did war reporting become popular

A
  • readership from 5000 in Nap to 40,000 at Crimea

- steamships, the telegraph and increased tech

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7
Q

who bought the times and why is this important

A
  • rich aristocrats who didn’t want war criticism
  • but readership larger due to increased literacy
  • more people understood and had opinions on the war
  • increase pressure on Gov
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8
Q

what spec about Chenery reports

A
  • focused on experience of soldiers and Scutari
  • prompted Herbert to send Flo and team of 38
  • illuminated problems at Scutari to such an extent that Sanitary Commission sent in 1855 to investigate then cement findings in McNiell Tulloch report
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9
Q

why was Fenton sent to Crimea

A

endorsed by Duke of Newcastle S.O.S for war because of his successful career
patronage from Queen Vic and Albert
allude to fact he was sent to counterbalance criticism of war
propaganda
present ordered crimea experience
- helped humanize front lines and connect it with home front like never before

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10
Q

advantages of war reporting

A
  • fenton helped humanize the war
  • Chenery and Russel exposed blunders that led to pressure on Gov to make needed improvements
  • boosted newspaper sales
  • power of press shown to raise money for good causes like the Nightingale fund and money for seacole when she was bankrupt
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11
Q

disadvantages of war reporting

A
  • unnecessary cynicism at what are incredibly challenging times
  • not all of it is accurate - Russell sensationalized and Fenton staged
  • tech inadequacies meant fenton limited in his portrayal as it took 20 sec to take each pic
  • cause mass hysteria and fear as people place blame and look for scapegoats
  • not everyone could read yet despite numbers been higher so some news was still twisted by gossip
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12
Q

what was unique about Russell

A
  • his Anglo-Irish background gave him a critical detachment from the war - problems Britain had with Ireland like revolt of 1798
  • he sympathized with the ordinary soldiers, a third of whom where Irish and was much more critical of the aristocratic leadership
  • transparent
  • stirred the public consciousness and as a result played a major role in the success of The Times Campaign - its sick and wounded fund raised thousands of pounds over the course of the war
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13
Q

why can Russell’s writings be considered highly accurate

A

no censorship

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14
Q

why did Raglan think Russel was a security danger

A
  • revealed key British tactical info

- allowed Russians to be ahead of British - Tsar Nicholas read the times daily

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15
Q

what did queen vic and albert think about Russel

A
  • miserable scribbler (A)

- disgraced the paper (V)

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16
Q

what did Chenery reports result in

A
  • 1885 vote of no confidence for Aberdeen - forced him to resign
  • Palmerston came in and forced to send Sanitary Commission
17
Q

why can Raglan be given some sympathy

A
  • he was dealt a shit hand to play with
  • Nightingale thought him a good man but a poor general
  • he was brave
18
Q

explain the relationship between the British and the French

A
  • complicated
  • did not effectively communicate
  • Battle of B they had different opinions on attacking Sevastopol
  • Battle of A - British did not support the French in their attack leaving them to scale 50 foot cliffs and face enemy fire alone
  • French had better morale and supplies then british
19
Q

what did the Duke of Cambridge say was criminal during the war

A
  • Raglans rejection of his proposal to draw back and abandon siege prep over the winter where the troops could be supplies and sheltered
  • 6 miles was a small fallback for the lives it would have saved and the morale boost it would have had
  • Russian attack was unlikely anyway in winter
  • manslaughter
20
Q

Sir George Brown’s blunder at Alma

A
  • launched a bunched attack
  • the light divison officer
  • hopelessly short sighted and hadn’t noticed his men were too close to the other divisions and lost the strategic formation of attack
21
Q

key points of the battle of Inkerman

A
  • Russians attacked the British at dawn in order to ease the siege on Sevastopool
  • foggy conditions led to a confused battle
  • French intervention helped the British to regain control
  • the allies lost nearly 5000 but the Russians lost almost 12,000 (killed or wounded)
22
Q

why did the battle of Inkerman take place

A
  • despite failing to achieve victory at Balaclava the Russians still held a position of strength overlooking British base
  • despite failing to capture Balaclava they had spotted weaknesses within the British forces and realized they did not have enough troops to appropriately defend their siege lines
  • the fog intial aided the Russians as it hid their advance
  • Britain outnumbered 68,000 to 13,200
23
Q

what British mistakes were made at Inkerman

A
  • British defensive commander De Lacy fell of his horse and became unable to lead his men
  • replaced by aggressive General Penfeather who was unware of how big Russian force was
  • he ordered his men to charge rather than retreating and drawing his men in range of British artillery
24
Q

what happened at Inkerman

A
  • Enfield rifle (+) killed 3 russians generals leading to chaos in their ranks
  • soldiers battle - many divisions cut off by the fog and had to make their own decisions
  • Russians waited for their own reinforcements after inflicting damage giving the British time to get reinforcements
25
Q

how was the thin red line allowed

A
  • lee enfiled rifle

- further range more accurate to be able to stand ground against cavalry charges

26
Q

why did the men have to carry supplies up the six mile track from the harbour

A

wasn’t enough carts

27
Q

why did the Russians get time to prepare for Alms

A

when the British landed rain and poor planning meant they didn’t start marching for 6 days

28
Q

what forced the Russians to retreat at Alma

A

the superiority of the minie rifle

29
Q

what was the reason for the battle of balaclava

A
  • Raglan hadn’t ended Alma with a cavalry charge
  • Raglan wanted to attack Sevastopol immediately - French refused
  • then spent unnecessary time deploying artillery giving Russians time to prepare their already formidable defences
  • due to the inactivity of the allies, Menishkov was able to move his army to the Causeaway Heights that overlooked Balclava
30
Q

what happened at Balaclava

A
  • Ottomans set up redoubts but had no support from British and were overcome and retreated
  • Russians met 93rd Highlanders who did reverse slope then thin red line
  • heavy brigade then cemented Russian retreat - 300 strong led by Scarlett - slash 50 and wound 200 at loss of 10 of his own
  • Lord Cardigan’s light brigade was no more than 500ft from the whole event and capitalized on the damage
31
Q

what happened at the COTLB

A
  • Raglan from his elevated position watched Russian soldiers removing artillery guns from the previously captured redoubts
  • Lucan could not see them
  • hasty order given to Nolan to give to Lucan to tell Cardigan to attack and retrieve the guns
  • Cardigan was unsure where they were but compelled by duty and rode straight into the Russian guns
  • Nolan killed
  • reached guns but over half dead or wounded
  • death toll only 113/673 but it was principle
32
Q

Lucan

A
  • misinterpreted Raglan’s orders
  • but he could not see the guns
  • he was recalled in 11855 Feb
  • blamed Raglan and Nolan
  • then was knighted and promoted in July 1855
33
Q

Cardigan

A
  • hated Lucan

- yet did not question his command

34
Q

Nolan

A
  • messenger of death

- Lucan asked where the guns where and Nolan pointed to the russian guns

British Experience of Warfare (12 decks)

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